Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands.
Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628CN Delft, The Netherlands.
Biotechnol Adv. 2018 Jan-Feb;36(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.004. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
Fermentation and anaerobic digestion of organic waste and wastewater is broadly studied and applied. Despite widely available results and data for these processes, comparison of the generated results in literature is difficult. Not only due to the used variety of process conditions, but also because of the many different growth media that are used. Composition of growth media can influence biogas production (rates) and lead to process instability during anaerobic digestion. To be able to compare results of the different studies reported, and to ensure nutrient limitation is not influencing observations ascribed to process dynamics and/or reaction kinetics, a standard protocol for creating a defined growth medium for anaerobic digestion and mixed culture fermentation is proposed. This paper explains the role(s) of the different macro- and micronutrients, as well as the choices for a growth medium formulation strategy. In addition, the differences in nutrient requirements between mesophilic and thermophilic systems are discussed as well as the importance of specific trace metals regarding specific conversion routes and the possible supplementary requirement of vitamins. The paper will also give some insight into the bio-availability and toxicity of trace metals. A remarkable finding is that mesophilic and thermophilic enzymes are quite comparable at their optimum temperatures. This has consequences for the trace metal requirements of thermophiles under certain conditions. Under non-limiting conditions, the trace metal requirement of thermophilic systems is about 3 times higher than for mesophilic systems.
有机废物和废水的发酵和厌氧消化得到了广泛的研究和应用。尽管这些过程有广泛可用的结果和数据，但在文献中比较产生的结果却很困难。这不仅是因为使用了各种各样的工艺条件，还因为使用了许多不同的生长培养基。生长培养基的组成会影响沼气的产生（速率），并导致厌氧消化过程不稳定。为了能够比较不同研究报告的结果，并确保营养限制不会影响归因于工艺动力学和/或反应动力学的观察，提出了一种用于创建厌氧消化和混合培养发酵的定义明确的生长培养基的标准协议。本文解释了不同宏量和微量营养素的作用，以及生长培养基配方策略的选择。此外，还讨论了嗜温和嗜热系统之间的营养需求差异，以及特定痕量金属对特定转化途径的重要性以及维生素的可能补充需求。本文还将深入探讨痕量金属的生物利用度和毒性。一个显著的发现是，在最佳温度下，嗜温和嗜热酶非常相似。这对某些条件下嗜热菌的痕量金属需求有影响。在非限制条件下，嗜热系统的痕量金属需求比中温系统高约 3 倍。
