Psarros Constantin, Theleritis Christos, Kokras Nikolaos, Lyrakos Dimitris, Koborozos Angelos, Kakabakou Olga, Tzanoulinos Georgios, Katsiki Panagiota, Bergiannaki Joanna Despoina
a 1st Department of Psychiatry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital , Athens , Greece.
b University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI) , Athens , Greece.
Nord J Psychiatry. 2018 Jan;72(1):17-23. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2017.1368703. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
Firefighters participate in activities with intense physical and psychological stress and are constantly at risk to develop various psychopathological reactions.
To investigate psychological reactions in firefighters one month after devastating wildfires in Greece, during August 2007, which lead to the devastation of large areas and the death of 43 people among whom three were firefighters.
One month after the wildfires, a joint task force of mental health clinicians was organized in order to provide psychological support and to investigate the psychological consequences of wildfires to firefighters. One hundred and two firefighters, living within the fire-devastated area, who were on duty for the whole period of wildfires were interviewed and assessed with the use of several questionnaires and inventories.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was detected in 18.6% of firefighters. Multiple logistic regression found that existence of fear of dying during firefighting, insomnia and increased scores in neuroticism, as well as in depression subscale of the SCL-90, were significantly associated with greater likelihood for having PTSD. Additionally those firefighters who worked permanently had 70% lower probability of having PTSD vs. those seasonally employed.
Insomnia, depressive symptoms, as well as personality characteristics as neuroticism and the perception of fear of imminent death during firefighting operations may precipitate the development of PTSD in firefighters. Within this context, mental health clinicians should be aware that the early detection of these predisposing factors may facilitate the prevention and mitigation of PTSD in firefighters particularly those who are seasonally employed.
消防员参与的活动会带来强烈的身心压力，且始终面临产生各种心理病理反应的风险。
调查2007年8月希腊发生毁灭性森林大火一个月后消防员的心理反应，这场大火导致大面积受灾，43人死亡，其中包括3名消防员。
森林大火发生一个月后，组建了一个由心理健康临床医生组成的联合工作组，以便提供心理支持并调查森林大火对消防员造成的心理影响。对102名居住在火灾受灾地区、在整个火灾期间都在执勤的消防员进行了访谈，并使用了几份问卷和量表进行评估。
18.6%的消防员被检测出患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。多元逻辑回归分析发现，在灭火过程中存在对死亡的恐惧、失眠、神经质得分增加以及SCL-90抑郁分量表得分增加，均与患PTSD的可能性显著相关。此外，与季节性受雇的消防员相比，长期工作的消防员患PTSD的概率低70%。
失眠、抑郁症状，以及神经质等人格特征和在灭火行动中对即将死亡的恐惧认知，可能促使消防员患上PTSD。在此背景下，心理健康临床医生应意识到，尽早发现这些诱发因素可能有助于预防和减轻消防员尤其是季节性受雇消防员的PTSD。
