Pharmacokinetics of isoxicam in hepatic disease.

1 The pharmacokinetics of single and repeated oral doses of isoxicam, an extensively metabolized drug, were studied in patients with compensated and decompensated hepatic disease. 2 After a single oral dose, isoxicam was slowly absorbed and eliminated (half-life ranging from 10.5 to 53.9 h). Its pharmacokinetics did not differ from those observed in healthy volunteers and were not significantly influenced by the severity of hepatic disease. However, the t1/2 of isoxicam was found to be inversely (r = -0.700, P less than 0.05 n = 14) related to the log gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase plasma activity. 3 During chronic oral treatment in patients with compensated hepatic insufficiency, steady-state was achieved after 7-9 days of therapy. The mean elimination half-life of isoxicam in five patients was 42.6 +/- 4.5 h, a value which was not statistically different from that obtained in the single dose study. 4 It was concluded that patients with hepatic insufficiency do not require a systematic modification of drug dosage but that long-term treatment should be employed with caution in these patients.