Wiercińska Ewa, Orzeł-Nowak Anita, Mrozowska Barbara, Foremny Jarosław
Provincial Sanitary-Epidemiological Station in Krakow
Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Faculty of Health Sciences
Przegl Epidemiol. 2017;71(2):219-226.
The principles of „cold chain” have been developed for the safe transport and storage of vaccines because of their sensitivity to temperature and are guidelines for use in all countries. Available information on adherence to the principles of the “cold chain” by healthcare providers in Poland is insufficient. The aim of the study was to assess compliance with these rules in storing vaccines by vaccination centers implementing an immunization program in 2014 in the Malopolska province
The study was conducted in 111 vaccination centers in 19 districts of Malopolska, which represents 12% of all vaccination centers in the Malopolska province in 2014. The selection of vaccination centers for the study was not random. During a routine inspection of vaccination centers, an employee of the District Sanitary-Epidemiological Station conducted a study using a specially-prepared questionnaire. Inspections in vaccination centers which qualified for the study were conducted from March to September 2015.
Among the analyzed vaccinations centers 90% had a refrigerator or refrigerator-freezer, and 10% a pharmaceutical refrigerator. 3.6% of refrigerators were produced before 2000. A 24-hour recording of the temperature was conducted in 67.6% vaccination centers. 40.5% of vaccination centers had a 24-hour system of recording and notification when temperature parameters had been exceeded in refrigeration devices. 22.5% of vaccination centers had emergency power supply. 13.5% of vaccination centers a power failure occurred in refrigerators, including 40% of the vaccination centers which had a text message notification system.. Total cost of destroyed vaccines amounted to over 20 thousand zl.
Correct storage conditions are needed for vaccines to maintain their full effectiveness, which is why it is necessary to intensify efforts to ensure compliance with the principles of the cold chain in the storage of vaccines by healthcare providers.
由于疫苗对温度敏感，“冷链”原则已被制定用于疫苗的安全运输和储存，且是所有国家通用的使用指南。波兰医疗服务提供者遵守“冷链”原则的现有信息不足。本研究的目的是评估2014年在小波兰省实施免疫规划的疫苗接种中心在储存疫苗时对这些规则的遵守情况。
研究在小波兰省19个区的111个疫苗接种中心进行，占2014年小波兰省所有疫苗接种中心的12%。研究中疫苗接种中心的选择并非随机。在疫苗接种中心的常规检查期间，区卫生防疫站的一名工作人员使用特制问卷进行了研究。符合研究条件的疫苗接种中心的检查于2015年3月至9月进行。
在分析的疫苗接种中心中，90%有冰箱或冷藏冷冻箱，10%有医用冰箱。3.6%的冰箱是2000年以前生产的。67.6%的疫苗接种中心进行了24小时温度记录。40.5%的疫苗接种中心有温度参数超出制冷设备时的24小时记录和通知系统。22.5%的疫苗接种中心有应急电源。13.5%的疫苗接种中心冰箱发生过停电，其中40%的疫苗接种中心有短信通知系统。销毁疫苗的总成本超过2万兹罗提。
疫苗需要正确的储存条件以保持其全部效力，这就是为什么有必要加大力度确保医疗服务提供者在储存疫苗时遵守冷链原则。
