J Phys Act Health. 2018 Mar 1;15(3):191-196. doi: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0181. Epub 2017 Nov 27.
Physical inactivity and excess adiposity are thought to be detrimental to physical and cognitive health. However, implications of these interrelated health factors are rarely examined together; consequently, little is known regarding the concomitant contribution of physical activity and adiposity to cognition.
Bivariate correlations and hierarchical linear regressions were conducted among a sample of adults between 25 and 45 years (N = 65). Attentional inhibition was assessed using an Eriksen Flanker task. Whole-body percent body fat (%Fat) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Daily percent time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (%MVPA) was monitored using an accelerometer (7 d).
After adjusting for significant covariates, %MVPA was a positive predictor of accuracy in the incongruent task (β = 0.31, P = .03). Individuals who engaged in greater %MVPA exhibited superior attentional inhibition. Additionally, there was an interaction effect of %Fat and %MVPA on attentional inhibition (β = 0.45, P = .04).
The positive influence of MVPA on cognitive control persists following the adjustment of significant covariates and adiposity. Additionally, interactive effects between %Fat and %MVPA suggest that individuals with lower activity and greater adiposity exhibited poorer attentional inhibition. These findings have relevance for public health given the elevated rates of physical inactivity and obesity.
体力活动不足和肥胖过多被认为对身体和认知健康有害。然而，这些相互关联的健康因素的影响很少被一起研究；因此，对于体力活动和肥胖对认知的共同贡献知之甚少。
在 25 至 45 岁的成年人样本中进行了双变量相关和层次线性回归（N=65）。使用 Eriksen Flanker 任务评估注意力抑制。使用双能 X 射线吸收法评估全身脂肪百分比（%Fat）。使用加速度计（7d）监测日常中等到剧烈体力活动的百分比时间（%MVPA）。
在调整了显著协变量后，%MVPA 是不一致任务准确性的正预测因子（β=0.31，P=0.03）。进行更多%MVPA 的个体表现出更好的注意力抑制。此外，%Fat 和 %MVPA 对注意力抑制有交互作用（β=0.45，P=0.04）。
在调整了显著协变量和肥胖程度后，MVPA 对认知控制的积极影响仍然存在。此外，%Fat 和 %MVPA 之间的交互作用表明，活动量较低和肥胖程度较高的个体表现出较差的注意力抑制。鉴于体力活动不足和肥胖的发生率较高，这些发现与公共卫生有关。
