自噬后通过脂滴生物发生再循环危险。
Recycling the danger via lipid droplet biogenesis after autophagy.
机构信息
a Department of Pharmacology , Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City , KS , USA.
b Department of Chemical Biology , Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University , Piscataway , NJ , USA.
出版信息
Autophagy. 2017;13(11):1995-1997. doi: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1371394. Epub 2017 Oct 4.
Abstract
Fatty acids are an important cellular energy source under starvation conditions. However, excessive free fatty acids (FFAs) in the cytoplasm cause lipotoxicity. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which cells mobilize lipids and maintain a homeostatic level of fatty acids. Recent evidence suggests that cells can break down lipid droplets (LDs), the intracellular organelles that store neutral lipids, via PNPLA2/adipose triglyceride lipase and a selective type of macroautophagy/autophagy termed lipophagy, to release FFAs under starvation conditions. FFAs generated from LD catabolism are either transported to mitochondria for β-oxidation or converted back to LDs. The biogenesis of LDs under starvation conditions is mediated by autophagic degradation of membranous organelles and requires diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1, which serves as an adaptive cellular protective mechanism against lipotoxicity.
摘要
脂肪酸是饥饿条件下细胞的重要能量来源。然而，细胞质中过多的游离脂肪酸 (FFAs) 会导致脂毒性。因此，了解细胞动员脂质和维持脂肪酸稳态水平的机制非常重要。最近的证据表明，细胞可以通过 PNPLA2/脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶和一种选择性的巨自噬/自噬（称为脂噬）分解脂滴 (LDs)，LDs 是储存中性脂质的细胞内细胞器，在饥饿条件下释放 FFAs。LD 分解产生的 FFAs 要么被转运到线粒体进行β氧化，要么被转化回 LD。饥饿条件下 LD 的生物发生是通过膜细胞器的自噬降解介导的，需要二酰基甘油 O-酰基转移酶 1 (DGAT1)，它作为一种适应性细胞保护机制来对抗脂毒性。
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