Higashihara Ayako, Nagano Yasuharu, Ono Takashi, Fukubayashi Toru
a The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science , Tokyo , Japan.
b Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.
J Sports Sci. 2018 Jun;36(12):1313-1318. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1375548. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
This study aimed to investigate activation characteristics of the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles during the acceleration and maximum-speed phases of sprinting. Lower-extremity kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activities of the BFlh and ST muscles were examined during the acceleration sprint and maximum-speed sprint in 13 male sprinters during an overground sprinting. Differences in hamstring activation during each divided phases and in the hip and knee joint angles and torques at each time point of the sprinting gait cycle were determined between two sprints. During the early stance of the acceleration sprint, the hip extension torque was significantly greater than during the maximum-speed sprint, and the relative EMG activation of the BFlh muscle was significantly higher than that of the ST muscle. During the late stance and terminal mid-swing of maximum-speed sprint, the knee was more extended and a higher knee flexion moment was observed compared to the acceleration sprint, and the ST muscle showed higher activation than that of the BFlh. These results indicate that the functional demands of the medial and lateral hamstring muscles differ between two different sprint performances.
本研究旨在调查短跑加速阶段和最高速度阶段股二头肌长头（BFlh）和半腱肌（ST）的激活特征。在13名男性短跑运动员进行地面短跑时，对其加速跑和最高速度跑过程中的下肢运动学以及BFlh和ST肌肉的肌电图（EMG）活动进行了检查。确定了两次短跑之间每个划分阶段的腘绳肌激活差异以及短跑步态周期各时间点的髋关节和膝关节角度及扭矩差异。在加速跑的早期支撑阶段，髋关节伸展扭矩显著大于最高速度跑时，且BFlh肌肉的相对EMG激活显著高于ST肌肉。在最高速度跑的后期支撑和摆动末期，与加速跑相比，膝关节伸展更大，观察到更高的膝关节屈曲力矩，且ST肌肉的激活高于BFlh。这些结果表明，在两种不同的短跑表现中，内侧和外侧腘绳肌的功能需求有所不同。
