Gammacurta Marine, Lytra Georgia, Marchal Axel, Marchand Stéphanie, Christophe Barbe Jean, Moine Virginie, de Revel Gilles
Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 œnologie, 210 chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France; INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 œnologie, 210 chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Biolaffort, 126 Quai de la Souys, 33100 Bordeaux, France.
Univ. Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 œnologie, 210 chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France; INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 œnologie, 210 chemin de Leysotte CS 50008, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
Food Chem. 2018 Jan 15;239:252-259. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.123. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
This research investigated the influence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains on ester levels in Bordeaux red wines. These wines were made in five Bordeaux areas in two vintages, using three yeast strains. Malolactic fermentation (MLF) was carried out using industrial starters or indigenous strains, each in triplicate. Ester concentrations were determined by liquid-liquid-extraction- or HS-SPME-GC/MS at various stages in the winemaking process. The levels of most compounds were slightly impacted by LAB, depending on grape variety. Nevertheless, branched hydroxylated esters, such as ethyl 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoate and ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate were the only compounds to be strongly influenced by the bacteria strain, regardless of matrix composition or the yeasts used for alcoholic fermentation. Moreover, the effect observed after MLF persisted over time, for at least 12months. These esters are apparently important markers of LAB esterase activity. To our knowledge, this was the first time they had been identified in this role.
本研究调查了乳酸菌（LAB）菌株对波尔多红葡萄酒中酯类含量的影响。这些葡萄酒在两个年份于波尔多的五个产区酿造，使用了三种酵母菌株。苹果酸-乳酸发酵（MLF）采用工业发酵剂或本地菌株进行，每种重复三次。在酿酒过程的不同阶段，通过液-液萃取或顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定酯类浓度。大多数化合物的含量受LAB的影响较小，这取决于葡萄品种。然而，支链羟基酯，如2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸乙酯和2-羟基-4-甲基戊酸乙酯，是唯一受细菌菌株强烈影响的化合物，无论基质组成或用于酒精发酵的酵母如何。此外，MLF后观察到的效果会持续一段时间，至少持续12个月。这些酯显然是LAB酯酶活性的重要标志物。据我们所知，这是它们首次被确定具有这一作用。
