Klinsophon Thaniya, Thaveeratitham Premtip, Sitthipornvorakul Ekalak, Janwantanakul Prawit
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1, Soi Chula 12, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
BMC Res Notes. 2017 Sep 6;10(1):442. doi: 10.1186/s13104-017-2762-y.
Exercise is one choice of additional treatment for smoking cessation by relieving nicotine withdrawal symptoms and smoking craving. The possible mechanism of the effect of exercise on relieving nicotine withdrawal symptoms and smoking craving is including affect, biological, and cognitive hypotheses. Evidence suggests that different types of exercise have different effects on these mechanisms. Therefore, type of exercise might have effect on smoking cessation. The purpose of this study is to systematically review randomized controlled trials to gain insight into which types of exercise are effective for smoking cessation.
Publications were systemically searched up to November 2016 in several databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library), using the following keywords: "physical activity", "exercise", "smoking", "tobacco" and "cigarette". The methodological quality was assessed independently by two authors. Meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the type of exercise on smoking cessation. The quality of the evidence was assessed and rated according to the GRADE approach.
20 articles on 19 studies were judged to meet the selection criteria (seven low-risk of bias RCTs and 12 high-risk of bias RCTs). The findings revealed low quality evidence for the effectiveness of yoga for smoking cessation at the end of the treatment. The evidence found for no effect of aerobic exercise, resisted exercise, and a combined aerobic and resisted exercise program on smoking cessation was of low to moderate quality. Furthermore, very low to low quality evidence was found for no effect of physical activity on smoking cessation.
There was no effect of aerobic exercise, resisted exercise, physical activity and combined aerobic and resisted exercise on smoking cessation. There was a positive effect on smoking cessation at the end of treatment in the program where yoga plus cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was used. However, which of the two work is still to be studied.
运动是戒烟辅助治疗的一种选择，可缓解尼古丁戒断症状和吸烟渴望。运动缓解尼古丁戒断症状和吸烟渴望的可能机制包括情感、生物学和认知假说。有证据表明，不同类型的运动对这些机制有不同影响。因此，运动类型可能会影响戒烟效果。本研究的目的是系统评价随机对照试验，以深入了解哪种类型的运动对戒烟有效。
截至2016年11月，在多个数据库（PubMed、ScienceDirect、PEDro、科学网、Scopus和考克兰图书馆）中系统检索出版物，使用以下关键词：“身体活动”“运动”“吸烟”“烟草”和“香烟”。由两位作者独立评估方法学质量。进行荟萃分析以检验运动类型对戒烟的有效性。根据GRADE方法评估并分级证据质量。
19项研究的20篇文章被判定符合入选标准（7项低偏倚风险随机对照试验和12项高偏倚风险随机对照试验）。研究结果显示，治疗结束时瑜伽对戒烟有效性的证据质量较低。有氧运动、抗阻运动以及有氧运动与抗阻运动相结合的项目对戒烟无效的证据质量为低到中等。此外，身体活动对戒烟无效的证据质量极低到低。
有氧运动、抗阻运动、身体活动以及有氧运动与抗阻运动相结合对戒烟均无效果。使用瑜伽加认知行为疗法（CBT）的项目在治疗结束时对戒烟有积极效果。然而，二者中哪一个起作用仍有待研究。
