Vaid Thomas P, Kelley Steven P, Rogers Robin D
Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada.
525 Solutions, Inc., 720 2nd Street, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35401, USA.
IUCrJ. 2017 Jun 30;4(Pt 4):380-392. doi: 10.1107/S2052252517008326. eCollection 2017 Jul 1.
Traditional synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) involves the reaction of a metal-containing precursor with an organic linker in an organic solvent at an elevated temperature, in what is termed a 'solvothermal' reaction. More recently, many examples have been reported of MOF synthesis in ionic liquids (ILs), rather than an organic solvent, in 'ionothermal' reactions. The high concentration of both cations and anions in an ionic liquid allows for the formation of new MOF structures in which the IL cation or anion or both are incorporated into the MOF. Most commonly, the IL cation is included in the open cavities of the MOF, countering the anionic charge of the MOF framework itself and acting as a template around which the MOF structure forms. Ionic liquids can also serve other structure-directing roles, for example, when an IL containing a single enantiomer of a chiral anion leads to a homochiral MOF, even though the IL anion is not itself incorporated into the MOF. A comprehensive review of ionothermal syntheses of MOFs, and the structure-directing effects of the ILs, is given.
金属有机框架材料（MOFs）的传统合成方法是在高温下，使含金属前驱体与有机连接体在有机溶剂中发生反应，即所谓的“溶剂热”反应。最近，已有许多关于在离子液体（ILs）中而非有机溶剂中进行“离子热”反应合成MOFs的报道。离子液体中阳离子和阴离子的高浓度使得能够形成新的MOF结构，其中IL阳离子或阴离子或两者都被纳入MOF中。最常见的情况是，IL阳离子包含在MOF的开放孔穴中，平衡MOF框架本身的阴离子电荷，并作为MOF结构形成的模板。离子液体还可以起到其他结构导向作用，例如，当含有手性阴离子单一对映体的IL导致形成同手性MOF时，即使IL阴离子本身并未纳入MOF中。本文对MOFs的离子热合成以及ILs的结构导向作用进行了全面综述。
