对结肠炎和结直肠癌中微生物群的新见解。
Novel insights into microbiome in colitis and colorectal cancer.
作者信息
Yang Ye, Jobin Christian
机构信息
aDepartment of Medicine bDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2017 Nov;33(6):422-427. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000399.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Microbiota is a major player in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we summarize the key advances achieved in the past 18 months (ending June 2017) toward a better understanding of the role of microbiota in colitis and CRC development.
RECENT FINDINGS
Accumulating evidence shows the essential role of intestinal barrier function (e.g. mucus, IgA, LCN2, LYPD8) in protecting against bacteria-induced inflammation and tumor development. Numerous signaling pathways (e.g. TLRs and NLRs), metabolites (e.g. indole, bile acids, retinoic acid) and small noncoding RNAs (e.g. miRNA) have been identified as key mediators regulating host-microbe interactions in the intestine. Novel microbial drivers of colitis and tumorigenesis (e.g. Alistipes finegoldii, Atopobium parvalum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius) have been identified and their disease-promoting activities have been described.
SUMMARY
IBD-associated colorectal cancer results from a complex breakdown of communication between the host and its microbiota, involving barrier function, immune signaling and metabolites.
综述目的
微生物群是炎症性肠病（IBD）和结直肠癌（CRC）发病机制中的主要参与者。在此，我们总结过去18个月（截至2017年6月）在更好地理解微生物群在结肠炎和CRC发展中的作用方面取得的关键进展。
最新发现
越来越多的证据表明肠道屏障功能（如黏液、IgA、LCN2、LYPD8）在预防细菌诱导的炎症和肿瘤发展中起着至关重要的作用。众多信号通路（如Toll样受体和NOD样受体）、代谢产物（如吲哚、胆汁酸、视黄酸）和小非编码RNA（如微小RNA）已被确定为调节肠道中宿主-微生物相互作用的关键介质。已鉴定出结肠炎和肿瘤发生的新型微生物驱动因素（如纤细阿利斯杆菌、微小阿托波菌、厌氧消化链球菌），并描述了它们的促疾病活性。
总结
IBD相关的结直肠癌是由宿主与其微生物群之间复杂的通讯中断导致的，涉及屏障功能、免疫信号和代谢产物。
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