通过问卷识别出在紧急和非紧急医疗运输服务中工作的专业人员的健康和福祉的心理社会风险和保护因素。
Psychosocial risk and protective factors for the health and well-being of professionals working in emergency and non-emergency medical transport services, identified via questionnaires.
机构信息
Doctoral student in Psychology, Health and Quality of Life, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
Doctor of Psychology, Institut de Recerca sobre Qualitat de Vida, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.
出版信息
Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2017 Sep 6;25(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s13049-017-0433-6.
BACKGROUND
Medical transport (MT) professionals are subject to considerable emotional demands due to their involvement in life-or-death situations and their exposure to the serious health problems of their clients. An increase in the demand for MT services has, in turn, increased interest in the study of the psychosocial risk factors affecting the health of workers in this sector. However, research thus far has not distinguished between emergency (EMT) and non-emergency (non-EMT) services, nor between the sexes. Furthermore, little emphasis has been placed on the protective factors involved. The main objective of the present study is to identify any existing differential exposure - for reasons of work setting (EMT and non-EMT) or of gender - to the various psychosocial risk and protective factors affecting the health of MT workers.
METHODS
Descriptive and transversal research with responses from 201 professionals.
RESULTS
The scores obtained on the various psychosocial scales in our study - as indicators of future health problems - were more unfavourable for non-EMT workers than they were for EMT workers. Work setting, but not gender, was able to account for these differences.
DISCUSSION
The scores obtained for the different psychosocial factors are generally more favourable for the professionals we surveyed than those obtained in previous samples.
CONCLUSION
The significant differences observed between EMT and non-EMT personnel raise important questions regarding the organization of work in companies that carry out both services at the same time in the same territory. The relationships among the set of risk/protective factors suggests a need for further investigation into working conditions as well as a consideration of the workers' sense of coherence and subjective well-being as protective factors against occupational burnout syndrome.
背景
医疗转运（MT）专业人员由于参与生死攸关的情况以及接触客户的严重健康问题，因此承受着相当大的情绪压力。对 MT 服务的需求增加，反过来也增加了对影响该行业工人健康的社会心理风险因素的研究兴趣。然而，迄今为止，研究还没有区分紧急（EMT）和非紧急（非 EMT）服务，也没有区分性别。此外，对所涉及的保护因素也没有给予足够的重视。本研究的主要目的是确定由于工作环境（EMT 和非 EMT）或性别的原因，是否存在与影响 MT 工人健康的各种社会心理风险和保护因素相关的不同暴露情况。
方法
采用描述性和横断研究方法，对 201 名专业人员进行了调查。
结果
我们研究中获得的各种社会心理量表的分数 - 作为未来健康问题的指标 - 对非 EMT 工作人员来说比 EMT 工作人员更不利。工作环境而非性别能够解释这些差异。
讨论
不同社会心理因素的得分普遍优于我们调查的专业人员的得分，比以往的样本更好。
结论
EMT 和非 EMT 人员之间观察到的显著差异，对同时在同一地区开展这两种服务的公司的工作组织提出了重要问题。风险/保护因素之间的关系表明，需要进一步研究工作条件，并考虑工人的连贯性和主观幸福感作为职业倦怠综合征的保护因素。
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