Department of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Japan.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2018 Feb;18(2):338-351. doi: 10.1111/ggi.13169. Epub 2017 Sep 7.
Despite Japan being a developed nation, half of its older population does not attend regular health checkups. The aim of the present study was to examine the individual health beliefs and personal recommendations that strongly influence health checkup attendance among community-dwelling older adults.
In 2013, questionnaires were sent to 5401 community-dwelling older adults who were not receiving long-term institutionalized care. The response rate was 94.3%. We analyzed response data from 4984 older adults using multiple imputation to manage missing data. Participation in health checkups was defined as having undergone at least one checkup in the past 3 years, and non-participation as having attended no checkups in this period.
The participants' mean age was 75.8 years, and 57.9% were women. The adjusted odds ratio of health checkup participation ranged from 1.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.61) to 1.62 (95% CI 1.34-1.95) for positive individual health beliefs about health checkups, and was 2.21 (95% CI: 1.51-3.24) and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.17-2.08) for recommendations to participate from family and neighbors, respectively. All odds ratios were adjusted for age, sex, driving by oneself to daily shopping or clinic, paid work, method of response, internal medical therapy, polypharmacy, serious disease, periodic blood test, frailty and neighborly relationships.
The present findings suggest that both individual and community approaches might be effective in promoting participation in health checkups among community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 338-351.
尽管日本是一个发达国家，但仍有一半的老年人没有定期进行健康检查。本研究旨在探讨影响社区居住老年人健康检查参与的个体健康信念和个人建议。
2013 年，向 5401 名未接受长期机构化护理的社区居住老年人发送了问卷。回应率为 94.3%。我们使用多重插补法来处理缺失数据，对 4984 名老年人的应答数据进行了分析。将健康检查的参与定义为在过去 3 年内至少进行了一次检查，未参与定义为在此期间未进行任何检查。
参与者的平均年龄为 75.8 岁，57.9%为女性。对健康检查的个体健康信念呈阳性的调整后健康检查参与的优势比范围为 1.35（95%置信区间[CI] 1.13-1.61）至 1.62（95%CI 1.34-1.95），而来自家庭和邻居的建议的优势比分别为 2.21（95%CI：1.51-3.24）和 1.28（95%CI：1.17-2.08）。所有优势比均针对年龄、性别、独自开车去日常购物或诊所、有薪工作、应答方式、内科治疗、多药治疗、严重疾病、定期血液检查、虚弱和邻里关系进行了调整。
本研究结果表明，个体和社区方法都可能有效促进社区居住老年人参与健康检查。老年医学与老年病学杂志 2018；18: 338-351。
