Schardein J L
Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1987;7(3):255-71. doi: 10.1002/tcm.1770070307.
Maternal and developmental toxicities reported in the literature were examined in an attempt to define more clearly their relationship. Relationships were difficult to ascertain because maternal toxicity end points are not clearly defined, or even assessed, in every study. However, maternal toxicity accompanied by developmental toxicity is the most common outcome of in vivo testing. Approaches to define these associations have included assessment of acute maternal toxicity and teratogenicity; evaluation of maternal toxicity and its association to developmental toxicity in general, and to malformations, specifically; and examination of developmental variations, embryolethality, and altered growth. None has demonstrated an unequivocal relationship between specific maternal and developmental toxicities: Developmental disruption appears not to result unconditionally from maternal toxicity. Maternal "stress" appears to have some impact on development but resists further definition at this time. Variations in association may be due to the extent to which maternal homeostasis has been compromised. Several quantitative approaches to relating maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity in animal systems (ie, relative teratogenic index, adult/developmental toxicity ratio) may provide the most satisfactory means of evaluating developmental toxicity testing for assessment of hazard.
对文献中报道的母体毒性和发育毒性进行了研究，以更清楚地界定它们之间的关系。由于在每项研究中母体毒性终点并未明确界定甚至未进行评估，因此难以确定两者之间的关系。然而，伴有发育毒性的母体毒性是体内试验最常见的结果。界定这些关联的方法包括评估急性母体毒性和致畸性；总体评估母体毒性及其与发育毒性的关联，特别是与畸形的关联；以及检查发育变异、胚胎致死率和生长改变。尚无研究表明特定的母体毒性和发育毒性之间存在明确的关系：发育破坏似乎并非无条件地由母体毒性导致。母体“应激”似乎对发育有一定影响，但目前尚无法进一步明确。关联的差异可能归因于母体稳态受损害的程度。在动物系统中，几种将母体毒性与发育毒性相关联的定量方法（即相对致畸指数、成年期/发育毒性比率）可能为评估发育毒性试验以进行危害评估提供最令人满意的手段。
