Rosales Rubén S, Puleio Roberto, Loria Guido R, Catania Salvatore, Nicholas Robin A J
Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35416, Gran Canaria, Spain.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy.
Res Vet Sci. 2017 Aug;113:56-61. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 Sep 5.
Mycoplasmas of humans and animals are usually associated with respiratory, autoimmune, genital and joint diseases. Human mycoplasmas have also been known to affect the brain. Severe central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as encephalitis, have been linked to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and ureaplasma infections. Less well known is the sheep and goat pathogen, Mycoplasma agalactiae, which has been found in large quantities in the brain where it may be responsible for non-purulent encephalitis as well as ataxia in young animals. Experimental intra-mammary infections of sheep with this mycoplasma have resulted in histopathological changes in the CNS. The cattle pathogen, M. bovis, has been reported occasionally in the brains of calves and adult cattle showing a range of histopathological lesions including abscesses and fibrinous meningitis. Two avian pathogens, M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae have been isolated from the brains of poultry showing meningeal vasculitis and encephalitis. There have been no reported detections of two other avian pathogens, M. meleagridis or M. iowae in the CNS. Over the last few decades, mycoplasmas have been isolated from the brains of sea mammals dying in large numbers in the North Sea although it was concluded that their role may be secondary to underlying viral disease. Finally, evidence has been advanced that certain Spiroplasma species may have a role in the development of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). Invasion of the brain by mycoplasmas may be as a result of direct entry following damage to the inner ear as seen with M. bovis or across the blood brain barrier by mechanisms as yet uncertain.
人和动物的支原体通常与呼吸道、自身免疫、生殖和关节疾病有关。人们也已知人类支原体可影响大脑。严重的中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病，如脑炎，已与肺炎支原体和脲原体感染有关。不太为人所知的是绵羊和山羊病原体无乳支原体，在大脑中大量发现该病原体，它可能是幼畜非化脓性脑炎以及共济失调的病因。用这种支原体对绵羊进行实验性乳房内感染已导致中枢神经系统的组织病理学变化。牛病原体牛支原体偶尔在犊牛和成年牛的大脑中被报道，显示出一系列组织病理学病变，包括脓肿和纤维蛋白性脑膜炎。从患有脑膜血管炎和脑炎的家禽大脑中分离出两种禽病原体，鸡毒支原体和滑液支原体。尚未有关于另外两种禽病原体，火鸡支原体或衣阿华支原体在中枢神经系统中被检测到的报道。在过去几十年中，在北海大量死亡的海洋哺乳动物大脑中分离出支原体，尽管得出的结论是它们的作用可能继发于潜在的病毒疾病。最后，有证据表明某些螺原体物种可能在传染性海绵状脑病（TSE）的发展中起作用。支原体侵入大脑可能是由于内耳受损后直接进入，如牛支原体所见，或者通过尚未确定的机制穿过血脑屏障。
