German Armed Forces Office, Applied Military Psychology and Research Group, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany.
German Armed Forces Office, Applied Military Psychology and Research Group, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany.
Prev Med. 2017 Dec;105:104-108. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.004. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
Health-promoting efforts strongly depend on individual cognitions such as attitudes as well as social cognitive aspects of the work environment such as leadership and support. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a theoretical frame, participation behavior of employees in courses offered by the workplace health promotion (WHP) program of the German Armed Forces was investigated. Social cognitive aspects of the work environment, such as leadership behaviors by setting an example or optimizing organization of work, were included in the TPB components of subjective norm and perceived behavioral control, which allowed for an investigation of the specific effects of leadership on WHP participation. A survey study with N=1385 members of the German Armed Forces was conducted in 2015 in Germany. Results showed that perceived behavioral control and attitudes towards WHP were the strongest predictors for WHP participation. While subjective norm was positively related to attitudes, it had a slightly negative effect on intention to participate in WHP activities. These findings suggest that the most effective way for leadership to increase WHP participation is to enhance perceived behavioral control. Quite contrary, creating a positive subjective norm regarding WHP participation may even result in psychological reactance.
健康促进工作很大程度上取决于个体认知，如态度，以及工作环境的社会认知方面，如领导力和支持。本研究以计划行为理论（TPB）为理论框架，调查了德国武装部队工作场所健康促进（WHP）计划课程中员工的参与行为。工作环境的社会认知方面，如以身作则或优化工作组织等领导行为，被纳入 TPB 中的主观规范和感知行为控制成分，从而可以调查领导对 WHP 参与的具体影响。2015 年，在德国对 1385 名德国武装部队成员进行了一项调查研究。结果表明，感知行为控制和对 WHP 的态度是参与 WHP 的最强预测因素。虽然主观规范与态度呈正相关，但对参与 WHP 活动的意愿有轻微的负面影响。这些发现表明，领导增强 WHP 参与度最有效的方法是增强感知行为控制。相反，营造对 WHP 参与的积极主观规范甚至可能导致心理抗拒。
