Pankajakshan Divya, Agrawal Devendra K
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
J Biomed Technol Res. 2014;1(1). doi: 10.19104/jbtr.2014.107. Epub 2014 Aug 28.
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy show great optimism in the treatment of several diseases. MSCs are attractive candidates for cell therapy because of easy isolation, high expansion potential giving unlimited pool of transplantable cells, low immunogenicity, amenability to ex vivo genetic modification, and multipotency. The stem cells orchestrate the repair process by various mechanisms such as transdifferentiation, cell fusion, microvesicles or exosomes and most importantly by secreting paracrine factors. The MSCs release several angiogenic, mitogenic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative factors that play fundamental role in regulating tissue repair in various vascular and cardiac diseases. The therapeutic release of these factors by the cells can be enhanced by several strategies like genetic modification, physiological and pharmacological preconditioning, improved cell culture and selection methods, and biomaterial based approaches. The current review describes the impact of paracrine factors released by MSCs on vascular repair and regeneration in myocardial infarction, restenosis and peripheral artery disease, and the various strategies adopted to enhance the release of these paracrine factors to enhance organ function.
间充质干细胞疗法在多种疾病的治疗中展现出极大的前景。由于间充质干细胞易于分离、具有高扩增潜力可提供无限的可移植细胞库、免疫原性低、易于进行体外基因修饰以及具有多能性，因此它们是细胞治疗的理想候选者。这些干细胞通过多种机制协调修复过程，如转分化、细胞融合、微泡或外泌体，最重要的是通过分泌旁分泌因子。间充质干细胞释放多种血管生成、促有丝分裂、抗凋亡、抗炎和抗氧化因子，这些因子在调节各种血管和心脏疾病的组织修复中发挥着重要作用。通过基因修饰、生理和药理预处理、改进的细胞培养和选择方法以及基于生物材料的方法等多种策略，可以增强细胞对这些因子的治疗性释放。本综述描述了间充质干细胞释放的旁分泌因子对心肌梗死、再狭窄和外周动脉疾病中血管修复和再生的影响，以及为增强这些旁分泌因子的释放以改善器官功能而采用的各种策略。
