Li Guang, Li Xue-Lan, Tang De-Ying, Li Hai-Tao, Wang Yun-Qiang, Li Yi-Hang
Yunnan Branch, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Jinghong 666100, China.
Key Laboratory of Dai and Southern Medicine of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Jinghong 666100, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2016 May;41(9):1608-1616. doi: 10.4268/cjcmm20160907.
In recent years, with the price rise of Amomum villosum, the quality of A. villosum in the market has been in disorder. To understand the quality status of A. villosum in the market and provide reference for the commercial size fifty-seven samples were collected from different producing areas or markets from August 2013. The samples were detected with evaluation on appearance quality, determination of the contents of bornyl acetate, determination of pesticide residues and heavy metals residues based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. The results showed that the pesticide residues and heavy metals residues met the requirments, all the samples from different producing areas were qualified except one sample from Fujian province. The qualified rate of native products and imports products samples from market were 43.75% and 14.29%, respectively, the qualified rate of the samples of Yunnan province from producing areas was higher than that from the market. There are two ports at the national level in Yunnan province, where the southern herbs from. A. villosumis one of import medicines from Southeast Asia, and lots of A. villosum samples import to China from Yunnan ports. Most of pharmacists believed that all of the samples from Yunnan province produced in Yunnan. The great majority of commercial species was A. villosum, but A. longiliglare was scarce. Through the survey, it isfound that the main factors affecting the quality of Amomi Fructus was source, lots of A. villosum samples have been replaced by the Amomi Fructus, so the source of imports Amomi Fructus was not clear, which was also more difficult to identify. The quality of A. villosum needs to protect, optimize germplasm, strict control of medicinal sources, specification for medicinal harvesting and processing technology.
近年来，随着砂仁价格上涨，市场上砂仁质量参差不齐。为了解市场上砂仁的质量状况并提供参考，于2013年8月从不同产地或市场收集了57份样品。依据《中国药典》2015年版对样品进行外观质量评价、乙酸龙脑酯含量测定、农药残留量测定及重金属残留量测定。结果表明，农药残留量和重金属残留量均符合要求，除福建省的1份样品外，不同产地的所有样品均合格。市场上国产和进口样品的合格率分别为43.75%和14.29%，云南省产地样品的合格率高于市场样品。云南省有两个国家级口岸，砂仁是从东南亚进口的药材之一，大量砂仁样品从云南口岸进口到中国。大多数药商认为云南省的所有样品均产于云南。商品种类以阳春砂为主，长果砂仁少见。通过调查发现，影响砂仁质量的主要因素是来源，很多砂仁样品已被缩砂替代，进口缩砂来源不明，鉴别也较为困难。砂仁质量需加以保护，优化种质，严格控制药用来源，规范药材采收与加工技术。
