Szekanecz Zoltán, Tóth Zoltán, Hamar Attila, Lánczi Levente
Belgyógyászati Intézet, Reumatológiai Tanszék, Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032.
Magyar Rezidens Szövetség, Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Debrecen.
Orv Hetil. 2017 Sep;158(37):1458-1468. doi: 10.1556/650.2017.30842.
Numerous beliefs have arisen in relation to the emigration of doctors. First of all, in most cases emigration has been attributed to, almost exclusively, low salaries. There are a number of non-financial issues that could possibly be more easily addressed.
In order to get closer to these issues, we sent out a 37-item questionnaire to doctors, who originally graduated from the University of Debrecen. Altogether 82 of them sent back the questionnaire.
The mean age at the time of emigration was 32 years. The most popular destination was the United States, however, many colleagues left for the US to do research, as well as clinical practice. Among the European countries, the most popular ones were Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland and Norway. The five most popular clinical specialties were general practice, internal medicine, anesthesiology/intensive care, laboratory/pathology and surgery. With respect to the planned duration of working abroad, at the time of emigration one-fourth of our colleagues planned very short (<2 years) stay. When we asked them now, 38% plans much longer, even indefinite stay. The most common reasons of emigration were also assessed. The most common one was the lack of career track, followed by low salary, quality of life, family issues and adventurousness. Interestingly, burnout and "gratuities" were at the end of the list. A mean 1.3 million HUF per month would make our colleagues satisfied but they think that a mean 486.000 HUF would be realistic and would keep most doctors within the country. As far as university education is concerned, our colleagues agreed that the basic medical knowledge of Hungarian doctors is excellent, but their practical skills are much worse.
Although returning to Hungary would be unrealistic by most colleagues, low salaries are definitely not the most important or exclusive reason for leaving the country. These issues are rather complex, there are numerous non-financial issues, which could be addressed much easier by expressing a positive attitude. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(37): 1458-1468.
关于医生移民出现了许多观点。首先，在大多数情况下，移民几乎完全被归因于低薪。还有一些非财务问题可能更容易解决。
为了更深入了解这些问题，我们向最初毕业于德布勒森大学的医生发放了一份包含37个项目的问卷。共有82人回复了问卷。
移民时的平均年龄为32岁。最受欢迎的目的地是美国，然而，许多同事前往美国进行研究以及临床实践。在欧洲国家中，最受欢迎的是瑞典、德国、英国、瑞士和挪威。最受欢迎的五个临床专业是全科医学、内科、麻醉学/重症监护、实验室/病理学和外科。关于计划在国外工作的时长，在移民时，四分之一的同事计划停留非常短的时间（<2年）。当我们现在询问他们时，38%的人计划停留更长时间，甚至是不确定的停留。我们还评估了移民的最常见原因。最常见的原因是缺乏职业发展路径，其次是低薪、生活质量、家庭问题和冒险精神。有趣的是，职业倦怠和“小费”排在列表末尾。每月平均130万福林会让我们的同事感到满意，但他们认为平均48.6万福林才现实，并且能让大多数医生留在国内。就大学教育而言，我们的同事一致认为匈牙利医生的基础医学知识很棒，但他们的实践技能差得多。
尽管大多数同事回国不太现实，但低薪绝对不是离开该国的最重要或唯一原因。这些问题相当复杂，有许多非财务问题，通过表达积极态度可以更容易解决。《匈牙利医学周报》。2017年；158(37):1458 - 1468。
