Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Instituto de Ecología & Biodiversidad (IEB-Chile), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2017 Dec;9(6):742-749. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.12589. Epub 2017 Oct 13.
While there are substantial studies suggesting that characteristics of wine are related to regional microbial community composition (microbial terroir), there has been little discussion about what factors affect variation in regional microbial community composition. In this study, we compared the microbial community composition of leaves and berries of a grape variety (Carmenere) from six different Chilean vineyards within 35 km of each other. In order to determine relationships between spatial proximity and microbial compositional dissimilarity, we sequenced amplicons of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for fungi and 16S rRNA gene for bacteria. Results showed that both the fungal and the bacterial community compositions of the studied vineyards differed, but this difference was much clearer in fungi than in bacteria. In addition, while bacterial community dissimilarity was not correlated with geographic distance, the leaf and berry fungal community dissimilarities between locations increased with geographic distance. This indicates that spatial processes play an important role in structuring the biogeographic pattern of grape-associated fungal communities at local scales, which might in turn contribute to the local identity of wine.
虽然有大量研究表明葡萄酒的特性与地区微生物群落组成（微生物风土）有关，但对于影响地区微生物群落组成变化的因素却鲜有讨论。在这项研究中，我们比较了来自智利六个不同葡萄园的同一葡萄品种（佳美娜）的叶片和浆果的微生物群落组成，这些葡萄园彼此之间的距离在 35 公里以内。为了确定空间接近度与微生物组成差异之间的关系，我们对真菌的内转录间隔区（ITS）区域和细菌的 16S rRNA 基因进行了扩增子测序。结果表明，所研究的葡萄园的真菌和细菌群落组成均存在差异，但真菌的差异比细菌更为明显。此外，虽然细菌群落的差异与地理距离无关，但叶片和浆果真菌群落之间的位置差异随着地理距离的增加而增加。这表明，空间过程在局部尺度上对葡萄相关真菌群落的生物地理模式结构起着重要作用，这可能反过来又促成了葡萄酒的本地特色。
