Department of Food Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation/Embrapa Grape & Wine, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Jun 3;37(7):112. doi: 10.1007/s11274-021-03081-8.
Grapevine cultivars are distributed worldwide, nevertheless the fermentation of its grape berries renders distinct wine products that are highly associated to the local fungal community. Despite the symbiotic association between wine and the fungal metabolism, impacting both the terroir and mycotoxin production, few studies have explored the vineyard ecosystem fungal community using both molecular marker sequencing and mycotoxin production assessment. In this study, we investigated the fungal community of three grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.) in two tropical vineyards. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was performed on two biocompartments: grape berries (GB) and grapevine soil (GS); yielding a total of 578,495 fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 reads, which were used for taxonomic classification. GB and GS fungal communities were mainly constituted by Ascomycota phylum. GS harbors a significant richer and more diverse fungal community than GB. Among GB samples, Syrah grape berries exclusively shared fungal community included wine-associated yeasts (e.g. Saccharomycopsis vini) that may play key roles in wine terroir. Mycotoxin production assessment revealed the high potential of Aspergillus section Flavi and Penicillium section Citrina isolates to produce aflatoxin B1-B2 and citrinin, respectively. This is the first study to employ next-generation sequencing to investigate vineyard associated fungal community in Brazil. Our findings provide valuable insights on the available tools for fungal ecology assessment applied to food products emphasizing the coexistence between classical and molecular tools.
葡萄品种分布于世界各地，然而其葡萄浆果的发酵会产生具有地域特色的葡萄酒产品，这些产品与当地的真菌群落密切相关。尽管葡萄酒与真菌代谢之间存在共生关系，影响了风土和真菌毒素的产生，但很少有研究同时使用分子标记测序和真菌毒素产生评估来研究葡萄园生态系统中的真菌群落。在这项研究中，我们调查了两个热带葡萄园三种葡萄品种（Vitis vinifera L.）的真菌群落。使用 Illumina MiSeq 测序对两个生物区室：葡萄浆果（GB）和葡萄根际土壤（GS）进行测序，共获得 578,495 个真菌内部转录间隔区 1 读取序列，用于分类学分类。GB 和 GS 的真菌群落主要由子囊菌门组成。GS 比 GB 拥有更丰富和多样化的真菌群落。在 GB 样本中，西拉葡萄浆果特有的真菌群落包括与葡萄酒相关的酵母（如 Saccharomycopsis vini），它们可能在葡萄酒风土中发挥关键作用。真菌毒素产生评估显示，黄曲霉和青霉部分的分离物具有产生黄曲霉毒素 B1-B2 和桔青霉素的高潜力。这是首次使用下一代测序技术研究巴西葡萄园相关真菌群落的研究。我们的研究结果为应用于食品的真菌生态学评估提供了有价值的见解，强调了经典工具和分子工具的共存。
