Schusdziarra V, Weigert N
II. Med. Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universität München.
Z Gastroenterol. 1987 Aug;25 Suppl 3:56-63.
Somatostatin is located predominantly in D-cells of the antral and fundic area of the stomach and in the duodenal bulb. Furthermore, somatostatin is contained in neurons of the extrinsic and intrinsic nervous system. Somatostatin inhibits gastric acid, pepsin and gastrin secretion, and it stimulates gastric mucous secretion. All in all, somatostatin could exert protection of the gastric mucosa by reduction of aggressive and augmentation of protective mechanisms. There is, however, no evidence for a role of somatostatin in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. Endogenous opioids which have to be considered as potential peptidergic neurotransmitters increase vagal and postprandial gastric acid secretion and accordingly cannot be considered as a protective factor. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), also a peptidergic neurotransmitter, reduces acid and stimulates mucous and bicarbonate secretion. If this is of physiological relevance remains to be established. Secretin might be a protective factor for the gastric mucosa by stimulating mucous and bicarbonate secretion. On the other hand, it augments pepsin secretion which might attenuate any potential protective effects of secretin.
生长抑素主要位于胃窦和胃底区域的D细胞以及十二指肠球部。此外，生长抑素还存在于外源性和内源性神经系统的神经元中。生长抑素抑制胃酸、胃蛋白酶和胃泌素的分泌，并刺激胃黏液分泌。总之，生长抑素可通过减少攻击因素和增强保护机制来对胃黏膜起到保护作用。然而，没有证据表明生长抑素在消化性溃疡的发病机制中起作用。内源性阿片肽必须被视为潜在的肽能神经递质，它会增加迷走神经和餐后胃酸分泌，因此不能被视为一种保护因素。血管活性肠肽（VIP）也是一种肽能神经递质，它可减少胃酸分泌并刺激黏液和碳酸氢盐分泌。这是否具有生理相关性仍有待确定。促胰液素可能通过刺激黏液和碳酸氢盐分泌而成为胃黏膜的一种保护因素。另一方面，它会增加胃蛋白酶分泌，这可能会削弱促胰液素的任何潜在保护作用。
