Parsons Nancy, Warren Philip, Duff James Paul, Baines David
Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Barnard Castle, County Durham, UK.
Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, UK.
Vet Rec. 2017 Nov 18;181(20):540. doi: 10.1136/vr.104207. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
Infection by was first confirmed in red grouse in northern England in 2010 and within three years spread to 48 per cent of moors. These form the last English stronghold for the rarer black grouse, and given the rapid spread of respiratory cryptosporidiosis among red grouse, concern has been expressed about possible infection. In 2010, the authors started screening black grouse for cryptosporidiosis in (1) dead birds taken for postmortem examination, (2) sample birds caught at night and (3) an observational study of birds attending leks. Between 2011 and 2016, five males were sent for postmortem examination, of which three had suspected cryptosporidiosis. No disease was found in one; the second had extensive, subacute to chronic sinusitis; and the third had severe sinusitis and unilateral conjunctivitis. PCR analysis detected cryptosporidial DNA in the third bird only; however, the parasite was not seen in stained preparations or on histopathology. No cryptosporidiosis clinical signs were observed in 69 birds caught at night or in 170 birds attending leks. The authors have no conclusive evidence that cryptosporidiosis is causing sinusitis in black grouse. However, a single positive cryptosporidia PCR result from an affected bird does raise the possibility that they may be infected with the parasite.
2010年，在英格兰北部的红松鸡中首次确诊感染了[病原体名称未给出]，三年之内这种感染蔓延到了48%的荒野。这些荒野是较为珍稀的黑松鸡在英国最后的据点，鉴于呼吸道隐孢子虫病在红松鸡中迅速传播，人们对黑松鸡可能受到感染表示担忧。2010年，作者开始对黑松鸡进行隐孢子虫病筛查，筛查对象包括：(1) 用于尸检的死亡鸟类；(2) 夜间捕获的样本鸟类；(3) 对求偶场中鸟类的观察研究。在2011年至2016年期间，五只雄性黑松鸡被送去进行尸检，其中三只疑似感染隐孢子虫病。一只未发现疾病；第二只有广泛的亚急性至慢性鼻窦炎；第三只有严重的鼻窦炎和单侧结膜炎。聚合酶链反应（PCR）分析仅在第三只鸟中检测到隐孢子虫DNA；然而，在染色标本或组织病理学检查中未发现该寄生虫。在夜间捕获的69只鸟或在求偶场中的170只鸟中未观察到隐孢子虫病的临床症状。作者没有确凿证据表明隐孢子虫病正在导致黑松鸡患鼻窦炎。然而，一只患病鸟类的隐孢子虫PCR检测结果呈阳性确实增加了它们可能感染该寄生虫的可能性。
