Szymańska Beata, Długosz Anna
Wydział Farmaceutyczny z Oddziałem Analityki Medycznej, Katedra i Zakład Toksykologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2017 Aug 13;71(1):681-689. doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.3847.
Bladder cancer (BC) affects usually older people. According to information provided by the National Cancer Registry in 2012. BC was the 4th, in terms of illness, cancer in men and 11th in women. Early diagnosis of bladder cancer is important because detected later has worse prognosis.Diagnosis of bladder cancer is not simple and it is still very invasive. Usually the cystoscopy or endoscopic bladder biopsy with histopathological evaluation and cytology of urine sediment is used. This prompted researchers to look for alternative noninvasive methods of diagnosis of bladder cancer. Recently, it was described the group of six proteins (BLCA) specific for BC, with special attention to BLCA-4.BLCA-4 belongs to the nuclear matrix protein and has a high specificity for this type of cancer however the value of this marker in BC diagnosis is not yet established. Oxidative DNA damage play an important role in the pathogenesis of some human diseases, including cancer. Determination of 8-hydroxy-2'deoksyguanozyne (8-OHdG) is currently used in the evaluation of genotoxic damage.The aim of the work was to review information on BLCA-4, its function in the process of BC carcinogenesis and diagnostic value also in exposure to genotoxic compounds measured by 8-hydroxy-2'deoksyguanozyne (8-OHdG) level.
膀胱癌（BC）通常影响老年人。根据2012年国家癌症登记处提供的信息，就疾病而言，膀胱癌在男性中是第四大癌症，在女性中是第十一大癌症。膀胱癌的早期诊断很重要，因为发现得晚预后更差。膀胱癌的诊断并不简单，而且仍然具有很强的侵入性。通常采用膀胱镜检查或内镜下膀胱活检并进行组织病理学评估以及尿沉渣细胞学检查。这促使研究人员寻找膀胱癌的替代性非侵入性诊断方法。最近，有人描述了一组对膀胱癌具有特异性的六种蛋白质（BLCA），其中特别关注BLCA - 4。BLCA - 4属于核基质蛋白，对这种类型的癌症具有高度特异性，然而该标志物在膀胱癌诊断中的价值尚未确定。氧化性DNA损伤在包括癌症在内的一些人类疾病的发病机制中起重要作用。目前，8 - 羟基 - 2'-脱氧鸟苷（8 - OHdG）的测定用于评估基因毒性损伤。这项工作的目的是综述关于BLCA - 4的信息、其在膀胱癌致癌过程中的作用以及通过8 - 羟基 - 2'-脱氧鸟苷（8 - OHdG）水平测量的基因毒性化合物暴露中的诊断价值。
