《1948-2010 年美国有重罪记录人群的增长、范围和空间分布》
The Growth, Scope, and Spatial Distribution of People With Felony Records in the United States, 1948-2010.
机构信息
Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, 113 Baldwin Hall, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
出版信息
Demography. 2017 Oct;54(5):1795-1818. doi: 10.1007/s13524-017-0611-1.
The steep rise in U.S. criminal punishment in recent decades has spurred scholarship on the collateral consequences of imprisonment for individuals, families, and communities. Several excellent studies have estimated the number of people who have been incarcerated and the collateral consequences they face, but far less is known about the size and scope of the total U.S. population with felony convictions beyond prison walls, including those who serve their sentences on probation or in jail. This article develops state-level estimates based on demographic life tables and extends previous national estimates of the number of people with felony convictions to 2010. We estimate that 3 % of the total U.S. adult population and 15 % of the African American adult male population has ever been to prison; people with felony convictions account for 8 % of all adults and 33 % of the African American adult male population. We discuss the far-reaching consequences of the spatial concentration and immense growth of these groups since 1980.
近年来，美国刑事处罚的急剧增加促使人们对监禁对个人、家庭和社区的附带后果进行研究。有几项优秀的研究估计了被监禁的人数以及他们所面临的附带后果，但对于在监狱墙外的总人数以及范围，包括那些在缓刑或监狱服刑的人数，人们知之甚少。本文基于人口生命表制定了州级估计，并将之前关于有重罪判决人数的全国估计扩展到 2010 年。我们估计，美国成年总人口的 3%和非裔美国成年男性人口的 15%曾入狱；有重罪判决的人占所有成年人的 8%和非裔美国成年男性人口的 33%。我们讨论了自 1980 年以来这些群体在空间集中和巨大增长的深远后果。
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