Hoffmann Laura, Schumann Nadine, Richter Matthias
Institut für Medizinische Soziologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale).
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2018 Aug;68(8):329-336. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-118655. Epub 2017 Sep 11.
Methamphetamine is one of the most consumed illegal drugs worldwide. In Germany, Methamphetamine shows the highest rates of growth in comparison to other illegal substances in recent years. Particularly Central Germany has been struck by a high rise in consumption. International studies indicate that there is no specific group of people that can be identified as Methamphetamine users. Different consumption patterns in terms of Methamphetamine use can be identified within various social groups. This qualitative study will explore different consumer groups among methamphetamine users, their motives, and how they differ by drug addiction type.
The empirical data collection was carried out in a consecutive 2-stage process. Initially, 39 semi-structured individual interviews with experts from different clinical areas were carried out about their experience and perspectives on Methamphetamine use. The results of the individual interviews were subsequently discussed and validated within 2 interdisciplinary focus groups. All interviews and focus groups were digitally recorded, transcribed and analyzed according to the method of Meuser & Nagel.
Altogether, 3 consumer groups were identified: (1) Young parents, women and pregnant women, (2) young drug users and early adapters and (3) older drug users or late entrants. The guiding motive in terms of Methamphetamine use described by the experts was improved efficiency. Further motives are for instance overcoming stressful situations, enablement and improvement of sexual experiences, self-esteem enhancement, coping with crisis or trauma, curiosity and drug use as leisure time activity.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The results in terms of consumer groups and consumption motives are consistent with international findings and we were able to verify and expand them for Central Germany. The outcomes illustrated that there are different consumer groups among methamphetamine users that differ from consumer groups of other drug addiction types. Treatment and consultation have to anticipate these challenges and adapt their strategies to different needs. Finally, further improvement of accessibility for those affected persons is an imperative to the German healthcare system.
甲基苯丙胺是全球消费最为广泛的非法毒品之一。在德国，与其他非法药物相比，甲基苯丙胺近年来的增长速度最快。尤其是德国中部地区，其消费量急剧上升。国际研究表明，无法确定特定的甲基苯丙胺使用人群。在不同社会群体中，可以发现甲基苯丙胺使用的不同消费模式。本定性研究将探讨甲基苯丙胺使用者中的不同消费群体、他们的动机以及他们在药物成瘾类型上的差异。
实证数据收集分连续两个阶段进行。首先，对来自不同临床领域的专家进行了39次半结构化个人访谈，了解他们对甲基苯丙胺使用的经验和看法。随后，在两个跨学科焦点小组中对个人访谈的结果进行了讨论和验证。所有访谈和焦点小组都进行了数字录音、转录，并根据梅泽尔和纳格尔的方法进行了分析。
共确定了3个消费群体：（1）年轻父母、女性和孕妇；（2）年轻吸毒者和早期使用者；（3）年长吸毒者或晚期使用者。专家们描述的甲基苯丙胺使用的主要动机是提高效率。其他动机包括克服压力情境、促进和改善性体验、增强自尊、应对危机或创伤、好奇心以及将吸毒作为休闲活动。
讨论/结论：消费群体和消费动机方面的结果与国际研究结果一致，我们能够对德国中部地区的情况进行验证和扩展。结果表明，甲基苯丙胺使用者中的消费群体与其他药物成瘾类型的消费群体不同。治疗和咨询必须预见到这些挑战，并根据不同需求调整策略。最后，德国医疗保健系统必须进一步提高受影响人群的可及性。
