Ali Nurshad
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
J Sci Food Agric. 2018 Apr;98(6):2055-2059. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8667. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
Citrinin (CIT) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are nephrotoxic mycotoxins, produced by several Aspergillus and Penicillium species and their co-occurrence in rice may cause health effects in humans. Rice is an important food crop worldwide and is a major staple food in Asia which may be invaded by CIT and OTA producing fungal spores in the field, during harvest and storage. Humans are exposed to these mycotoxins through ingestion of contaminated rice and other food commodities. Yet, data on the combined presence to these food contaminants are still insufficient to estimate human exposure in Asia. This review describes the prevalence of CIT and OTA in rice in Asia and its implications on human health, which may help in establishing and carrying out proper management strategies against mould development on rice. From the health point of view, combined exposition of CIT and OTA should be a public concern as both are nephrotoxic and long-term exposure can pose detrimental health effects. Thus, it is necessary for local farmers and food factories to implement strict measures and to improve methods for rice preservation during the distribution to consumers, particularly in the markets. Moreover, regular surveys for CIT and OTA occurrence in rice and human biomonitoring are recommended to reduce the health effects in Asian population. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
桔霉素（CIT）和赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）是具有肾毒性的霉菌毒素，由多种曲霉属和青霉属真菌产生，它们在大米中的共同存在可能会对人类健康产生影响。大米是全球重要的粮食作物，也是亚洲的主要主食，在田间、收获和储存期间，可能会受到产生CIT和OTA的真菌孢子的侵袭。人类通过摄入受污染的大米和其他食品接触到这些霉菌毒素。然而，关于这些食品污染物共同存在的数据仍然不足以估计亚洲地区人类的接触情况。本综述描述了亚洲大米中CIT和OTA的流行情况及其对人类健康的影响，这可能有助于制定和实施针对大米霉菌生长的适当管理策略。从健康角度来看，CIT和OTA的联合暴露应引起公众关注，因为它们都具有肾毒性，长期暴露会对健康造成有害影响。因此，当地农民和食品工厂有必要采取严格措施，并改进大米在分销给消费者过程中的保存方法，特别是在市场上。此外，建议定期对大米中CIT和OTA的存在情况进行调查以及开展人体生物监测，以减少对亚洲人群的健康影响。© 2017化学工业协会。
