Ali Nurshad, Blaszkewicz Meinolf, Manirujjaman M, Degen Gisela H
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo) at the TU Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
Mycotoxin Res. 2016 Aug;32(3):163-72. doi: 10.1007/s12550-016-0251-0. Epub 2016 May 17.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) are both nephrotoxic and teratogenic in animals, and the occurrence of these mycotoxins in food may cause adverse health effects in humans. Data on the combined exposure to these food contaminants are still scarce, especially in pregnancy. Therefore, a biomonitoring study was conducted to determine the presence of urinary biomarkers of exposure to OTA and CIT in pregnant women in Bangladesh. In total, 54 spot urine samples were collected from residents of a rural and a suburban area of the Savar region in Dhaka district for analysis of OTA and CIT urinary biomarkers by previously validated HPLC-FD and LC-MS/MS methods. Most urines were positive for OTA and CIT biomarkers, with OTA being detected in 93 % (range 0.01-0.84 ng/mL) and CIT biomarkers in 87 % (range 0.02-6.93 ng/mL) of all samples. The mean levels of OTA were different between the rural (0.06 ± 0.07 ng/mL) and suburban (0.15 ± 0.19 ng/mL) study participants. CIT and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone (HO-CIT) were more than twofold higher in the rural (0.42 ± 1.20 and 0.55 ± 1.04 ng/mL, respectively) than the suburban (CIT 0.15 ± 0.13 ng/mL; HO-CIT 0.23 ± 0.18 ng/mL) participants. When a provisional daily intake for CIT was calculated, it exceeded the preliminary tolerable value set by European Food Safety Authority (0.2 μg/kg/day) in 9 % of the rural participants but in none of the urban participants. Urinary biomarker levels for OTA and CIT did not show significant association with intake of certain types of food consumed by the pregnant women, although total CIT biomarker levels were considerably higher among participants who consumed more rice in a day. Overall, this study indicates a frequent co-exposure to OTA and CIT among pregnant women in Bangladesh, at levels similar to those determined recently in the general population of this country.
赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）和桔青霉素（CIT）在动物体内均具有肾毒性和致畸性，这些霉菌毒素在食物中的出现可能会对人类健康产生不良影响。关于同时接触这些食品污染物的数据仍然很少，尤其是在孕期。因此，开展了一项生物监测研究，以确定孟加拉国孕妇中接触OTA和CIT的尿液生物标志物的情况。总共从达卡区萨瓦尔地区一个农村和一个郊区的居民中收集了54份随机尿液样本，通过先前验证的高效液相色谱-荧光检测法（HPLC-FD）和液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）分析OTA和CIT的尿液生物标志物。大多数尿液的OTA和CIT生物标志物呈阳性，所有样本中OTA的检出率为93%（范围为0.01 - 0.84纳克/毫升），CIT生物标志物的检出率为87%（范围为0.02 - 6.93纳克/毫升）。农村（0.06±0.07纳克/毫升）和郊区（0.15±0.19纳克/毫升）研究参与者的OTA平均水平有所不同。农村参与者（分别为0.42±1.20和0.55±1.04纳克/毫升）的CIT及其代谢物二氢桔青霉素（HO-CIT）比郊区参与者（CIT为0.15±0.13纳克/毫升；HO-CIT为0.23±0.18纳克/毫升）高出两倍多。计算CIT的暂定每日摄入量时，9%的农村参与者超过了欧洲食品安全局设定的初步耐受值（0.2微克/千克/天），而城市参与者均未超过。尽管一天中食用大米较多的参与者的CIT生物标志物总水平明显更高，但OTA和CIT的尿液生物标志物水平与孕妇食用的某些类型食物的摄入量没有显著关联。总体而言，这项研究表明孟加拉国孕妇中经常同时接触OTA和CIT，接触水平与该国最近在普通人群中确定的水平相似。
