Erreich Anne
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2017 Apr;65(2):195-219. doi: 10.1177/0003065117702105. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
This paper is the third in a series of investigations into (1) the nature and development of unconscious fantasy, (2) its place in a contemporary model of mind that, parenthetically, suggests a possible solution to the problem of theoretical pluralism, and (3) its mode of operation in the mind. The aim of these investigations is to update the notion of unconscious fantasy, an indispensable construct in psychoanalytic theories that assume out-of-awareness mentation, and to situate that construct within contemporary views of mental functioning in disciplines such as philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and developmental psychology. At the same time, data accessible only through psychoanalytic work challenge these fields with findings that indicate the need for further investigation. This paper argues that experimental evidence on the phenomenon of "priming" lends support to one of the seminal claims in our field, one frequently attacked as an outmoded shibboleth: that is, that the past matters, whether encoded in declarative or in procedural memory. In common parlance, we are "primed" to respond to some situations in predetermined ways; the past primes us to experience the present in often unique and personal ways. There is evidence too that the priming mechanism and the encoding of subjective experience in declarative and procedural memory operate from very early in life.
本文是一系列调查研究中的第三篇，这些研究涉及：（1）无意识幻想的本质与发展；（2）它在当代心智模型中的位置，顺便提一下，该模型为理论多元论问题提供了一种可能的解决方案；（3）它在心智中的运作方式。这些研究的目的是更新无意识幻想的概念，这是精神分析理论中一个不可或缺的结构，这些理论假定存在意识之外的心理活动，并将该结构置于当代心智功能观点之中，这些观点来自心灵哲学、认知科学和发展心理学等学科。与此同时，只有通过精神分析工作才能获取的数据，用一些发现对这些领域提出了挑战，这些发现表明有必要进行进一步研究。本文认为，关于“启动效应”现象的实验证据支持了我们领域中的一个开创性主张，这个主张经常被抨击为过时的陈词滥调：也就是说，过去很重要，无论它是编码在陈述性记忆还是程序性记忆中。通俗地讲，我们会被“启动”，从而以预先确定的方式对某些情况做出反应；过去使我们倾向于以通常独特且个人化的方式体验当下。也有证据表明，启动机制以及陈述性和程序性记忆中主观体验的编码在生命早期就开始运作。
