Kristensen Pål, Dyregrov Atle, Weisæth Lars, Straume Marianne, Dyregrov Kari, Heir Trond, Bugge Renate Grønvold
1Center for Crisis Psychology,Bergen,Norway.
4Institute of Clinical Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2018 Aug;12(4):523-527. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2017.94. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
In recent years it has been common after disasters and terrorist events to offer bereaved families the opportunity to visit the place where their loved ones died. Many report that such visits are beneficial in processing their loss. Various factors, both cognitive (eg, counteracting disbelief) and existential or emotional (eg, achieving a sense of closeness to the deceased), are associated with the experienced benefit. Nonetheless, exacerbations of trauma and grief reactions (eg, re-enactment fantasies) are common, with some of the bereaved also reporting adverse reactions after the visit. Subsequently, proper preparations are a prerequisite before such visits take place. This article describes how to optimize collective visits to the site of death after disasters or terrorist events for bereaved families. Important questions-for example, concerning those who should be responsible for organizing a visit and those who should be invited, the timing of the visit, what can be done at the site, the need for support personnel, and other practical issues-are discussed and general guidelines are recommended. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:523-527).
近年来，在灾难和恐怖事件发生后，为失去亲人的家庭提供前往其亲人死亡地点参观的机会已很常见。许多人报告说，这样的参观有助于他们面对失去亲人的痛苦。各种因素，包括认知方面的（如消除怀疑）以及存在主义或情感方面的（如获得与逝者亲近的感觉），都与这种体验到的益处相关。尽管如此，创伤和悲伤反应的加剧（如重演幻想）很常见，一些失去亲人的人在参观后也报告了不良反应。因此，在进行此类参观之前，做好适当准备是前提条件。本文描述了如何为失去亲人的家庭优化在灾难或恐怖事件后前往死亡地点的集体参观。文中讨论了一些重要问题，例如谁应该负责组织参观、应该邀请哪些人、参观的时间、在现场可以做些什么、是否需要支持人员以及其他实际问题，并给出了一般指导原则。（《灾难医学与公共卫生防范》。2018年；12:523 - 527）
