Kristensen Pål, Dyregrov Kari, Dyregrov Atle
Center for Crisis Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Master's Program in Mental Health and Substance Abuse Care, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2018 Apr 25;8(Suppl 6):1463795. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1463795.
After the 2011 terror attack on Utøya Island, a collective visit was organized for bereaved families. There is limited knowledge whether bereaved families can benefit from such visits after terror. This study aims to explore how bereaved families experienced visiting the site of death after the 2011 terror attack. As part of in-depth interviews, 22 parents and 16 siblings were asked whether they had visited Utøya and, if so, how they experienced the visit. Participants' responses were analysed using thematic analysis. The results showed that for the majority of the bereaved, visiting Utøya had been important in processing their loss. Three key themes emerged as to what they considered important with the visit: 'seeing the actual place of death', 'seeking factual information', and 'learning to know the island'. These factors were associated both with beneficial reactions (e.g. accepting the reality of the loss increased cognitive clarity) and with distressing reactions (e.g. intrusive thoughts, re-enactment images), but the benefits had outweighed the distress. Having the opportunity for multiple visits seemed to optimize the benefits. Bereaved families should be offered the opportunity to visit the site of death after terror.
2011年于特岛恐怖袭击事件后，为遇难者家属组织了一次集体探访活动。关于遇难者家属在恐怖袭击后能否从这类探访中受益，目前了解有限。本研究旨在探讨2011年恐怖袭击事件后，遇难者家属对探访死亡地点的体验。作为深度访谈的一部分，22位父母和16位兄弟姐妹被问及是否去过于特岛，若去过，他们对此次探访的体验如何。采用主题分析法对参与者的回答进行分析。结果显示，对大多数遇难者家属来说，探访于特岛对他们处理丧亲之痛很重要。关于他们认为此次探访重要之处出现了三个关键主题：“亲眼看到死亡发生的实际地点”、“寻求事实信息”以及“了解这座岛屿”。这些因素既与有益反应（如接受丧亲的现实，增强认知清晰度）相关，也与痛苦反应（如侵入性想法、重现画面）相关，但益处大于痛苦。有多次探访的机会似乎能使益处最大化。应该为遇难者家属提供在恐怖袭击后探访死亡地点的机会。
