Monti J M
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hospital de Clínicas, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Life Sci. 1987 Oct 26;41(17):1979-88. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90471-1.
Sleep disturbances are frequently associated with the use of antihypertensive drugs. They are observed mainly during the administration of drugs that affect central adrenergic mechanisms. Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists which readily penetrate into the brain (propranolol, pindolol) increase wakefulness and/or decrease REM sleep. Alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists (clonidine, guanfacine) markedly reduce the duration of REM sleep. The catecholamine depleting agent reserpine increases REM sleep during single or repeated-dose administration, while the MAOI phenelzine shows opposite effects. The 5-HT2 antagonist ritanserin, which is chemically related to the antihypertensive agent ketanserin, increases slow wave sleep while REM sleep is decreased. Sleep disturbances have not been reported during the administration of calcium entry antagonists. However, they seem to modify the effects of hypnotics and CNS stimulants. There are no formal studies on the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and vasodilators on sleep in man.
睡眠障碍常与使用抗高血压药物有关。主要在使用影响中枢肾上腺素能机制的药物期间观察到这些情况。容易穿透大脑的β-肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂（普萘洛尔、吲哚洛尔）会增加觉醒和/或减少快速眼动睡眠。α2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂（可乐定、胍法辛）显著缩短快速眼动睡眠的持续时间。儿茶酚胺耗竭剂利血平在单次或重复给药期间会增加快速眼动睡眠，而单胺氧化酶抑制剂苯乙肼则显示出相反的效果。与抗高血压药物酮色林化学相关的5-羟色胺2拮抗剂利坦色林会增加慢波睡眠，同时减少快速眼动睡眠。在使用钙通道拮抗剂期间尚未有睡眠障碍的报道。然而，它们似乎会改变催眠药和中枢神经系统兴奋剂的作用。关于血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和血管扩张剂对人类睡眠影响的正式研究尚未开展。
