Puig-Ventosa Ignasi, Sastre Sanz Sergio
ENT Environment & Management, Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain.
Waste Manag Res. 2017 Nov;35(11):1159-1167. doi: 10.1177/0734242X17727067. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Municipal waste charges have been widely acknowledged as a crucial tool for waste management at the local level. This is because they contribute to financing the costly provision of waste collection and treatment services and they can be designed to provide an economic stimulus to encourage citizens and local businesses to improve separate collection and recycling. This work presents a methodology to evaluate a sample of 125 municipal waste charges in Spain for the year 2015, covering 33.91% of the Spanish population. The qualitative benchmarking of municipal waste charges shows that flat fees are frequent, whereas variable fees are set according to criteria that are weakly related to waste generation. The average fee per household is €82.2 per year, which does not provide full cost recovery. The current configuration of municipal waste charges penalises taxpayers contributing to source separation of waste, while subsidising less environmentally friendly behaviours. In this sense, municipal waste charges in Spain are far from applying the polluter pays principle. Furthermore, it is argued that municipal waste charges are ineffective for promoting the proper application of the so-called 'waste hierarchy'.
城市垃圾收费已被广泛认为是地方层面垃圾管理的关键工具。这是因为它们有助于为成本高昂的垃圾收集和处理服务提供资金，并且可以设计成提供一种经济刺激，以鼓励公民和当地企业改善分类收集和回收利用。这项工作提出了一种方法，用于评估2015年西班牙125项城市垃圾收费样本，覆盖了33.91%的西班牙人口。城市垃圾收费的定性基准显示，固定费用很常见，而可变费用是根据与垃圾产生关联不大的标准设定的。每户每年的平均费用为82.2欧元，无法实现成本的全额回收。当前城市垃圾收费的配置对有助于源头垃圾分类的纳税人不利，却补贴了环保性较差的行为。从这个意义上说，西班牙的城市垃圾收费远未遵循污染者付费原则。此外，有人认为城市垃圾收费对于促进所谓“垃圾处理等级制度”的正确应用并无成效。
