1 University of Idaho, Moscow, USA.
2 University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2017 Jan;43(1):71-86. doi: 10.1177/0146167216675333.
Seven studies involving 1,343 participants showed how circumplex models of social motives can help explain individual differences in preferences for status (having others' admiration) versus power (controlling valuable resources). Studies 1 to 3 and 7 concerned interpersonal motives in workplace contexts, and found that stronger communal motives (to have mutual trust, support, and cooperation) predicted being more attracted to status (but not power) and achieving more workplace status, while stronger agentic motives (to be firm, decisive, and influential) predicted being more attracted to and achieving more workplace power, and experiencing a stronger connection between workplace power and job satisfaction. Studies 4 to 6 found similar effects for intergroup motives: Stronger communal motives predicted wanting one's ingroup (e.g., country) to have status-but not power-relative to other groups. Finally, most people preferred status over power, and this was especially true for women, which was partially explained by women having stronger communal motives.
七项研究涉及 1343 名参与者，展示了社会动机的双因素模型如何有助于解释个体对地位（获得他人的钦佩）和权力（控制有价值的资源）偏好的差异。研究 1 至 3 和 7 涉及工作场所背景下的人际动机，发现更强的社群动机（相互信任、支持和合作）预测对地位（而非权力）更具吸引力，并在工作场所中获得更高的地位，而更强的能动动机（坚定、果断和有影响力）预测对权力更具吸引力并取得更多的权力，并体验到工作场所权力与工作满意度之间更强的联系。研究 4 至 6 发现群体间动机也有类似的影响：更强的社群动机预测一个人的内群体（例如，国家）相对于其他群体具有更高的地位，但不是权力。最后，大多数人更喜欢地位而不是权力，这对女性来说尤其如此，这部分是由于女性有更强的社群动机。
