Ioverno Salvatore, Baiocco Roberto, Laghi Fiorenzo, Verrastro Valeria, Odorifero Carmen, Dittrich Marcella
a Department of Social and Developmental Psychology , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.
b Department of Humanities and Social Sciences , University of Cassino , Cassino , Frosinone , Italy.
Subst Use Misuse. 2018 Mar 21;53(4):606-609. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1349801. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
A large body of research has traced tobacco dependence among adolescents to a series of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. However, there are remaining questions regarding the differences on these factors related to tobacco use.
We sought to investigate intrapersonal and interpersonal differences among adolescent nonsmokers, ex-smokers, and smokers.
We used data from a 3-year project designed to investigate and address tobacco dependence among 1071 students (M = 15.76, SD = 1.52; girls = 51.54%) who were recruited from 11 high schools. Participants, filling out a survey, provided information on tobacco use (nonsmoker, ex-smoker, and smoker), tobacco-related experiences (smoking-related risk perception, parental smoking, number of friends who smoke, resisting peer pressure to smoke), cognitive variables (metacognitive skills), and personality traits (disinhibition and impulsivity).
Results from a discriminant function analysis showed that smokers and ex-smokers reported more disinhibition, impulsivity, number of friends who smoke and less self-control under peer pressure to smoke compared to nonsmokers. Ex-smokers reported less metacognitive processes, more smoking-related risk perception and were less likely to have parents who smoke. Conclusions/Importance: Interventions and campaigns aimed to persuade adolescents to stop smoking should work to develop adaptive metacognitive skills and an accurate risk perception of tobacco use.
大量研究已将青少年烟草依赖追溯至一系列个人因素和人际因素。然而，关于这些与烟草使用相关因素的差异仍存在问题。
我们试图调查青少年非吸烟者、已戒烟者和吸烟者在个人因素和人际因素方面的差异。
我们使用了一个为期3年的项目数据，该项目旨在调查并解决1071名学生（平均年龄M = 15.76，标准差SD = 1.52；女生占51.54%）的烟草依赖问题，这些学生来自11所高中。参与者填写了一份调查问卷，提供了关于烟草使用情况（非吸烟者、已戒烟者和吸烟者）、与烟草相关的经历（吸烟相关风险认知、父母吸烟情况、吸烟的朋友数量、抵制同伴吸烟压力）、认知变量（元认知技能）以及人格特质（抑制不足和冲动性）的信息。
判别函数分析结果显示，与非吸烟者相比，吸烟者和已戒烟者报告有更多的抑制不足、冲动性、吸烟的朋友数量，并且在同伴吸烟压力下自我控制能力更低。已戒烟者报告的元认知过程较少，吸烟相关风险认知更多，且父母吸烟的可能性较小。结论/重要性：旨在说服青少年戒烟的干预措施和活动应致力于培养适应性元认知技能以及对烟草使用的准确风险认知。
