Taylor Jennifer E, Conard Mark W, Koetting O'Byrne Kristin, Haddock C Keith, Poston W S Carlos
University of Missouri-Kansas City and Mid America Heart Institute at Saint Luke's Hospital, 4825 Troost, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2004 Sep;35(3):190-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.01.008.
To examine how saturation of an adolescent's environment with models of cigarette smoking (e.g., parents, siblings, friends) affects the probability of tobacco and alcohol use among junior high and high school students.
The Health and Smoking Questionnaire was administered to 806 adolescents (182 smokers and 624 nonsmokers; 57.2% female) average age of 15.1 years (SD = 1.6) in a mid-size Midwestern town. The questionnaire contains standardized items in five domains: demographics, smoking status and history, perceptions of risk and risk reduction, risk factors for tobacco use, and parenting style.
Risk for smoking or using alcohol increased dramatically as the number of models who smoke increased in an adolescent's environment. For instance, adolescents with one significant other who smoked were nearly four times (OR = 3.76, p <.001) more likely to smoke than someone with no significant others who smoked. However, if an adolescent had four significant others who smoked, they were over 160 times more likely to smoke (OR = 161.25, p <.001). Similar results were found for alcohol use; adolescents who had one significant other who smoked were more than 2.5 (OR = 2.66, p <.001) times more likely to drink than those without smoking models. Adolescents who had four significant other smoking models were 13 times (OR = 13.08, p <.001) more likely to drink.
As the number of cigarette smokers in an adolescent's environment increases, risk of tobacco and alcohol use increases substantially. These data suggest that multiple models of tobacco use will substantially increase risk for substance use in adolescents.
研究青少年所处环境中吸烟榜样（如父母、兄弟姐妹、朋友）的饱和程度如何影响初中和高中学生使用烟草和酒精的可能性。
在中西部一个中型城镇，对806名青少年（182名吸烟者和624名不吸烟者；女性占57.2%）进行了健康与吸烟问卷调查，这些青少年的平均年龄为15.1岁（标准差 = 1.6）。问卷包含五个领域的标准化项目：人口统计学、吸烟状况和历史、风险认知与风险降低、烟草使用的风险因素以及养育方式。
随着青少年环境中吸烟榜样数量的增加，吸烟或饮酒的风险急剧上升。例如，有一个重要他人吸烟的青少年吸烟的可能性几乎是没有重要他人吸烟的青少年的四倍（比值比 = 3.76，p <.001）。然而，如果一个青少年有四个重要他人吸烟，他们吸烟的可能性会超过160倍（比值比 = 161.25，p <.001）。饮酒方面也有类似结果；有一个重要他人吸烟的青少年饮酒的可能性是没有吸烟榜样的青少年的2.5倍多（比值比 = 2.66，p <.001）。有四个重要他人吸烟榜样的青少年饮酒的可能性是13倍（比值比 = 13.08，p <.001）。
随着青少年环境中吸烟人数的增加，使用烟草和酒精的风险大幅上升。这些数据表明，多个烟草使用榜样将大幅增加青少年物质使用的风险。
