Estis Gad, Ezri Tiberiu, Tomori Zoltan
Department of Anesthesia, Assuta Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Department of Anesthesia, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Affiliated to Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Rom J Anaesth Intensive Care. 2014 Oct;21(2):113-117.
Systematic study in animals indicated, that in addition to cough there are 2 distinct airway reflexes. The aspiration reflex (AspR) characterized by rapid and strong gasp-like inspiration provoked by stimulation of nasopharynx, nasal phyltrum or auricle of ear. The expiration reflex (ExpR) manifests by prompt expiration, induced by laryngeal stimulation. Both reflexes strongly activate the brainstem inspiratory or expiratory generators, respectively, and inhibit the opposite respiratory and various functional disorders. This paper indicates several functional disorders occurring during manipulation with airways in anaesthesiological practice, which can be influenced positively or negatively by application of these special reflexes (asphyxia, breath-holding, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, sleep apnoea episodes, arrhythmia, collapse, etc.). The AspR, ExpR and CR (cough reflex) have important clinical relevance in anaesthesia and emergency medicine applicable also in domestic therapy and in hardly accessible places particularly by application of ICT (Information & Communication Technologies) using a mobile connection of the patient with the remote hospital centre.
对动物的系统研究表明，除咳嗽外，还有两种不同的气道反射。吸气反射（AspR）的特征是刺激鼻咽、鼻唇沟或耳廓会引发快速而强烈的喘息样吸气。呼气反射（ExpR）表现为喉部刺激引起的迅速呼气。这两种反射分别强烈激活脑干吸气或呼气发生器，并抑制相反的呼吸及各种功能紊乱。本文指出了麻醉实践中气道操作过程中出现的几种功能紊乱情况，应用这些特殊反射（窒息、屏气、喉痉挛、支气管痉挛、睡眠呼吸暂停发作、心律失常、虚脱等）可能会对其产生积极或消极影响。吸气反射、呼气反射和咳嗽反射（CR）在麻醉和急诊医学中具有重要的临床意义，在家庭治疗以及难以到达的地方也适用，特别是通过信息通信技术（ICT）利用患者与远程医院中心的移动连接来实现。
