Mastrocicco Micòl, Di Giuseppe Dario, Vincenzi Fabio, Colombani Nicolò, Castaldelli Giuseppe
Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Dec;231(Pt 2):1453-1462. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.007. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
In agricultural lowland landscapes, intensive agricultural is accompanied by a wide use of agrochemical application, like pesticides and fertilizers. The latter often causes serious environmental threats such as N compounds leaching and surface water eutrophication; additionally, since perchlorate can be present as impurities in many fertilizers, the potential presence of perchlorates and their by-products like chlorates and chlorites in shallow groundwater could be a reason of concern. In this light, the present manuscript reports the first temporal and spatial variation of chlorates, chlorites and major anions concentrations in the shallow unconfined aquifer belonging to Ferrara province (in the Po River plain). The study was made in 56 different locations to obtain insight on groundwater chemical composition and its sediment matrix interactions. During the monitoring period from 2010 to 2011, in June 2011 a nonpoint pollution of chlorates was found in the shallow unconfined aquifer belonging to Ferrara province. Detected chlorates concentrations ranged between 0.01 and 38 mg/l with an average value of 2.9 mg/l. Chlorates were found in 49 wells out of 56 and in all types of lithology constituting the shallow aquifer. Chlorates concentrations appeared to be linked to NO, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and oxygen reduction potential (ORP) variations. Chlorates behaviour was related to the biodegradation of perchlorates, since perchlorates are favourable electron acceptors for the oxidation of labile dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater. Further studies must take into consideration to monitor ClO in pore waters and groundwater to better elucidate the mass flux of ClO in shallow aquifers belonging to agricultural landscapes.
在农业低地景观中，集约化农业伴随着农药和化肥等农用化学品的广泛使用。后者常常造成严重的环境威胁，如氮化合物淋溶和地表水富营养化；此外，由于高氯酸盐可能作为杂质存在于许多化肥中，浅层地下水中高氯酸盐及其副产物（如氯酸盐和亚氯酸盐）的潜在存在可能令人担忧。有鉴于此，本论文报道了费拉拉省（位于波河平原）浅层无压含水层中氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐和主要阴离子浓度的首次时空变化。该研究在56个不同地点开展，以深入了解地下水化学成分及其与沉积物基质的相互作用。在2010年至2011年的监测期内，2011年6月在费拉拉省的浅层无压含水层中发现了氯酸盐的面源污染。检测到的氯酸盐浓度在0.01至38毫克/升之间，平均值为2.9毫克/升。在56口井中的49口井以及构成浅层含水层的所有岩性类型中都发现了氯酸盐。氯酸盐浓度似乎与硝酸盐、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）和氧还原电位（ORP）的变化有关。氯酸盐的行为与高氯酸盐的生物降解有关，因为高氯酸盐是地下水中不稳定溶解有机碳（DOC）氧化的有利电子受体。未来的研究必须考虑监测孔隙水和地下水中的ClO，以更好地阐明农业景观浅层含水层中ClO的质量通量。
