O'Hanlon Nina J, James Neil A, Masden Elizabeth A, Bond Alexander L
Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College - UHI, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, Caithness, KW14 7JD, United Kingdom.
Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College - UHI, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, Caithness, KW14 7JD, United Kingdom.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Dec;231(Pt 2):1291-1301. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.101. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Marine plastic pollution is an increasing, and global, environmental issue. Numerous marine species are affected by plastic debris through entanglement, nest incorporation, and ingestion, which can lead to lethal and sub-lethal impacts. However, in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, an area of international importance for seabirds, there has been little effort to date to assess information from studies of wildlife and plastic to better understand the spatiotemporal variation of how marine plastic affects different seabird species. To improve our understanding of seabirds and marine plastic in this region, we completed a synthesis of the published and grey literature to obtain information on all known documented cases of plastic ingestion and nest incorporation by this group. We found that of 69 seabird species that commonly occur in the northeastern Atlantic, 25 had evidence of ingesting plastic. However, data on plastic ingestion was available for only 49% of all species, with 74% of investigated species recorded ingesting plastic. We found only three published studies on nest incorporation, for the Northern Gannet (Morus bassanus) and Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). For many species, sample sizes were small or not reported, and only 39% of studies were from the 21st century, whilst information from multiple countries and years was only available for 11 species. This indicates that we actually know very little about the current prevalence of plastic ingestion and nest incorporation for many species, several of them globally threatened. Furthermore, in the majority of studies, the metrics reported were inadequate to carry out robust comparisons among locations and species or perform meta-analyses. We recommend multi-jurisdictional collaboration to obtain a more comprehensive and current understanding of how marine plastic is affecting seabirds in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean.
海洋塑料污染是一个日益严重的全球性环境问题。许多海洋物种受到塑料碎片的影响，包括被缠住、巢穴中混入塑料以及摄入塑料，这可能导致致命和亚致命的影响。然而，在东北大西洋，这个对海鸟具有国际重要意义的区域，迄今为止几乎没有做出努力来评估来自野生动物与塑料研究的信息，以更好地了解海洋塑料影响不同海鸟物种的时空变化。为了增进我们对该区域海鸟与海洋塑料的了解，我们对已发表文献和灰色文献进行了综合分析，以获取有关该群体所有已知记录的塑料摄入和巢穴中混入塑料情况的信息。我们发现，在东北大西洋常见的69种海鸟中，有25种有摄入塑料的证据。然而，所有物种中仅有49%有塑料摄入的数据，在被调查的物种中有74%记录到摄入了塑料。我们仅发现了三项关于北方塘鹅（白尾鹈鹕）和黑脚三趾鸥巢穴中混入塑料的已发表研究。对于许多物种，样本量很小或未报告，且只有39%的研究来自21世纪，而来自多个国家和多年的信息仅适用于11个物种。这表明我们实际上对许多物种目前塑料摄入和巢穴中混入塑料的普遍情况知之甚少，其中一些物种在全球范围内受到威胁。此外，在大多数研究中，所报告的指标不足以在不同地点和物种之间进行有力比较或进行荟萃分析。我们建议进行多辖区合作，以更全面和及时地了解海洋塑料如何影响东北大西洋的海鸟。
