Warchałowska-Śliwa Elżbieta, Grzywacz Beata, Heller Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov Dragan P
Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Krakow, Poland.
Grillenstieg 18, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Comp Cytogenet. 2017 May 5;11(2):309-324. doi: 10.3897/CompCytogen.v11i2.12070. eCollection 2017.
The present study focused on the evolution of the karyotype in four genera of the tribe Pholidopterini: Mařan, 1953, Mařan, 1953, Wesmaël, 1838, Mařan, 1953. Chromosomes were analyzed using fluorescence hybridization (FISH) with 18S rDNA and (TTAGG) telomeric probes, and classical techniques, such as C-banding, silver impregnation and fluorochrome DAPI/CMA staining. Most species retained the ancestral diploid chromosome number 2n = 31 (male) or 32 (female), while some of the taxa, especially a group of species within genus , evolved a reduced chromosome number 2n = 29. All species show the same sex determination system X0/XX. In some taxa, a pericentric inversion has changed the morphology of the ancestral acrocentric X chromosome to the biarmed X. The rDNA loci coincided with active NORs and C-band/CG-rich segments. A comparison of the location of the single rDNA/NOR in the genus suggests that reduced chromosome number results from Robertsonian translocation between two pairs of autosomes, one carrying the rDNA/NOR. The results constitute a step towards better understanding of the chromosomal reorganization and evolution within the tribe Phaneropterini and the whole subfamily Tettigoniinae.
本研究聚焦于扇螽族（Pholidopterini）四个属的核型进化：Mařan，1953年；Mařan，1953年；Wesmaël，1838年；Mařan，1953年。使用18S rDNA和（TTAGG）端粒探针通过荧光杂交（FISH）以及C显带、银染和荧光染料DAPI/CMA染色等经典技术对染色体进行分析。大多数物种保留了祖先的二倍体染色体数，雄性为(2n = 31)，雌性为(2n = 32)，而一些分类单元，特别是某属内的一组物种，进化出了减少的染色体数(2n = 29)。所有物种都表现出相同的性决定系统X0/XX。在一些分类单元中，一个臂间倒位将祖先的近端着丝粒X染色体形态改变为双臂X染色体。rDNA位点与活跃的核仁组织区（NORs）以及富含C带/CG的区段重合。对某属中单拷贝rDNA/NOR位置的比较表明，染色体数减少是由于两对常染色体之间发生了罗伯逊易位，其中一对携带rDNA/NOR。这些结果朝着更好地理解扇螽亚族（Phaneropterini）和整个螽斯科（Tettigoniinae）亚科内的染色体重组和进化迈出了一步。
