[孕期及产后尿失禁的评估：观察性研究]
[Assessment of Urinary Incontinence in Pregnancy and Postpartum: Observational Study].
作者信息
Rocha Juliana, Brandão Pedro, Melo Anabela, Torres Silvia, Mota Lurdes, Costa Fernanda
机构信息
Serviço de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa. Penafiel. Portugal.
出版信息
Acta Med Port. 2017 Aug 31;30(7-8):568-572. doi: 10.20344/amp.7371.
INTRODUCTION
The urinary incontinence can affect up to 50% of women at some stage of their lives, particularly during pregnancy and postpartum. This study was designed in order to identify and assess the prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence during the third trimester of pregnancy and three months postpartum.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Observational and cross-sectional study. The population of the study was composed of 268 women who delivered and were admitted to the Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa in the years 2013 and 2014, and who agreed to participate in this study. Postpartum women were asked to fill out a questionnaire adapted from the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form, for urinary incontinence research in the third trimester of pregnancy. Three months after delivery, they were contacted by telephone and asked to answer the same questions about the urinary incontinence postpartum.
RESULTS
Of the 268 women interviewed, 31 were excluded from the study, taking into account the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. In total (n = 237), 51.89% of women included in the study, reported the occurrence of urinary incontinence during pregnancy. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnancy by parity (primiparous versus multiparous) was statistically significant (p = 0.006). At postpartum (n = 237), 28.69% of women with urinary incontinence had vaginal delivery and 5.91% of women underwent cesarean delivery (p = 0.001). In these group of women with postpartum urinary incontinence (n = 82), 31.69% have had urinary incontinence only in the postpartum and 68.31% of women have had symptoms during pregnancy (p < 0.001).
DISCUSSION
This study demonstrates the high prevalence of urinary incontinence in pregnancy and the respective decrease in postpartum.
CONCLUSION
Multiparity and occurrence of urinary incontinence in pregnancy appear as potential risk factors in the emergence of the urinary incontinence.
引言
尿失禁在女性生命的某些阶段影响着高达50%的女性，尤其是在孕期和产后。本研究旨在确定和评估妊娠晚期及产后三个月尿失禁的患病率和危险因素。
材料与方法
观察性横断面研究。研究人群由2013年和2014年在塔梅加和索萨中心医院分娩并入院且同意参与本研究的268名女性组成。产后女性被要求填写一份改编自《国际尿失禁咨询问卷 - 简表》的问卷，用于妊娠晚期尿失禁研究。分娩三个月后，通过电话联系她们，要求她们回答关于产后尿失禁的相同问题。
结果
在接受访谈的268名女性中，根据既定的纳入和排除标准，31名被排除在研究之外。总共（n = 237），纳入研究的女性中有51.89%报告在孕期出现尿失禁。按产次（初产妇与经产妇）划分的孕期尿失禁患病率具有统计学意义（p = 0.006）。产后（n = 237），有尿失禁的女性中28.69%为阴道分娩，5.91%为剖宫产（p = 0.001）。在这组产后尿失禁的女性（n = 82）中，31.69%仅在产后出现尿失禁，68.31%的女性在孕期有症状（p < 0.001）。
讨论
本研究表明孕期尿失禁患病率高，产后相应降低。
结论
经产和孕期出现尿失禁似乎是尿失禁发生的潜在危险因素。
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