Scientist, Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Deputy Director, Growth and Endocrine Unit, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Indian J Public Health. 2017 Jul-Sep;61(3):188-193. doi: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_85_16.
It is important to establish good dietary practices in childhood that promote adequate calcium intake throughout life and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures in later life.
To assess dietary patterns of 2-16-year-old children with special reference to calcium and suggest strategies and develop recipes suitable to identified patterns to increase dietary calcium intake.
We studied 220 schoolchildren (2-16 years) around Pune city, India. The study duration was June 2013-July 2014. Height and weight were measured using standard protocols. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-h diet recall on 3 nonconsecutive days. Dietary patterns were derived by cluster analysis in two age groups; children (2-9 years) and adolescents (10-16 years). As per the dietary patterns, calcium-rich recipes were developed.
Among children, "rice-pulse" (RP) and "wheat, milk, and milk products" (WM) patterns were observed. Among adolescents, RP, "wheat, milk, and bakery" (WMB), and "mixed food" patterns were observed. Children who consumed "WM" and "WMB" patterns had greater intake of calcium (P < 0.05) than children consuming other dietary patterns. The daily calcium intake of whole group was 53% of the recommended dietary allowance. From this, 30% calcium came from milk. Each serve of the developed recipe provided an average of 254 mg of calcium.
Majority of children had cereal-pulse-based dietary patterns. By replacing foods from existing dietary patterns with calcium-rich foods, the dietary calcium content may be increased in a sustainable manner.
在儿童期建立良好的饮食习惯非常重要，这可以促进一生摄入足够的钙，并降低晚年骨质疏松性骨折的风险。
评估 2-16 岁儿童的饮食模式，特别关注钙的摄入，并提出策略和开发适合已确定模式的食谱，以增加膳食钙的摄入量。
我们在印度浦那市周围研究了 220 名学童（2-16 岁）。研究时间为 2013 年 6 月至 2014 年 7 月。身高和体重采用标准方案进行测量。通过 3 天非连续的 24 小时饮食回忆来评估饮食摄入。在两个年龄组（2-9 岁儿童和 10-16 岁青少年）中通过聚类分析得出饮食模式。根据饮食模式，开发了富含钙的食谱。
在儿童中，观察到“米豆”（RP）和“小麦、牛奶和奶制品”（WM）模式。在青少年中，观察到 RP、“小麦、牛奶和烘焙食品”（WMB）和“混合食品”模式。食用“WM”和“WMB”模式的儿童钙摄入量（P<0.05）大于食用其他饮食模式的儿童。整个组的每日钙摄入量仅为推荐膳食摄入量的 53%。其中，30%的钙来自牛奶。开发的食谱每份提供的平均钙含量为 254 毫克。
大多数儿童的饮食模式以谷物-豆类为主。通过用富含钙的食物替代现有饮食模式中的食物，可以以可持续的方式增加膳食中的钙含量。
