a Centre for Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Indore , Simrol , Indore , Madhya Pradesh , India.
Int Rev Immunol. 2018 Jan 2;37(1):37-56. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2017.1369980. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), primarily expressed in activated mature B lymphocytes in germinal centers, is the key factor in adaptive immune response against foreign antigens. AID is responsible for producing high-affinity and high-specificity antibodies against an infectious agent, through the physiological DNA alteration processes of antibody genes by somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class-switch recombination (CSR) and functions by deaminating deoxycytidines (dC) to deoxyuridines (dU), thereby introducing point mutations and double-stranded chromosomal breaks (DSBs). The beneficial physiological role of AID in antibody diversification is outweighed by its detrimental role in the genesis of several chronic immune diseases, under non-physiological conditions. This review offers a comprehensive and better understanding of AID biology and its pathological aspects, as well as addresses the challenges involved in AID-related cancer therapeutics, based on various recent advances and evidence available in the literature till date. In this article, we discuss ways through which our interpretation of AID biology may reflect upon novel clinical insights, which could be successfully translated into designing clinical trials and improving patient prognosis and disease management.
激活诱导胞嘧啶脱氨酶（AID），主要在生发中心的活化成熟 B 淋巴细胞中表达，是针对外来抗原的适应性免疫反应的关键因素。AID 通过抗体基因的体细胞高频突变（SHM）和类别转换重组（CSR）的生理 DNA 改变过程，负责产生针对感染因子的高亲和力和高特异性抗体，并通过脱氨脱氧胞嘧啶（dC）为脱氧尿嘧啶（dU），从而引入点突变和双链染色体断裂（DSBs）。在非生理条件下，AID 在抗体多样化中的有益生理作用被其在几种慢性免疫疾病发病机制中的有害作用所抵消。基于文献中迄今为止的各种最新进展和证据，本综述提供了对 AID 生物学及其病理方面的全面和更好的理解，并讨论了与 AID 相关的癌症治疗所涉及的挑战。在本文中，我们讨论了我们对 AID 生物学的解释如何反映新的临床见解的途径，这些见解可以成功转化为设计临床试验和改善患者预后和疾病管理。
