Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA; email:
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
Annu Rev Genet. 2017 Nov 27;51:361-383. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-024733. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
Centrosomes are a functionally conserved feature of eukaryotic cells that play an important role in cell division. The conserved γ-tubulin complex organizes spindle and astral microtubules, which, in turn, separate replicated chromosomes accurately into daughter cells. Like DNA, centrosomes are duplicated once each cell cycle. Although in some cell types it is possible for cell division to occur in the absence of centrosomes, these divisions typically result in defects in chromosome number and stability. In single-celled organisms such as fungi, centrosomes [known as spindle pole bodies (SPBs)] are essential for cell division. SPBs also must be inserted into the membrane because fungi undergo a closed mitosis in which the nuclear envelope (NE) remains intact. This poorly understood process involves events similar or identical to those needed for de novo nuclear pore complex assembly. Here, we review how analysis of fungal SPBs has advanced our understanding of centrosomes and NE events.
中心体是真核细胞中一种具有重要功能的保守特征，在细胞分裂中起着重要作用。保守的γ-微管蛋白复合物组织纺锤体和星体微管，而这些微管反过来又能将复制的染色体准确地分离到子细胞中。与 DNA 一样，中心体在每个细胞周期中复制一次。虽然在某些细胞类型中，细胞分裂可以在没有中心体的情况下发生，但这些分裂通常会导致染色体数量和稳定性的缺陷。在真菌等单细胞生物中，中心体（称为纺锤体极体 (SPB)）是细胞分裂所必需的。SPB 还必须插入到膜中，因为真菌经历封闭的有丝分裂，核膜（NE）保持完整。这个了解甚少的过程涉及与从头组装核孔复合物所需的类似或相同的事件。在这里，我们回顾了真菌 SPB 的分析如何促进我们对中心体和 NE 事件的理解。
