Bernardes Sónia F, Matos Marta, Goubert Liesbet
Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal.
Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal.
Eur J Ageing. 2017 Jan 24;14(3):257-268. doi: 10.1007/s10433-017-0411-x. eCollection 2017 Sep.
Chronic pain among older adults is common and often disabling. Pain-related formal social support (e.g., provided by staff at day-care centers, nursing homes), and the extent to which it promotes functional autonomy or dependence, plays a significant role in the promotion of older adults' ability to engage in their daily activities. Assessing older adults' preferences for pain-related social support for functional autonomy or dependence could contribute to increase formal social support responsiveness to individuals' needs. Therefore, this study aimed at developing and validating the preferences for formal social support of autonomy and dependence in pain inventory (PFSSADI). One hundred and sixty-five older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain ( = 79.1, 67.3% women), attending day-care centers, completed the PFSSADI, the revised formal social support for autonomy and dependence in pain inventory, and a measure of desire for (in)dependence; the PFSSADI was filled out again 6 weeks later. Confirmatory factor analyses showed a structure of two correlated factors ( = .56): (a) preferences for autonomy support ( = .99) and (b) preferences for dependence support ( = .98). The scale showed good test-retest reliability, sensitivity and discriminant and concurrent validity; the higher the preferences for dependence support, the higher the desire for dependence ( = .33) and the lower the desire for independence ( = -.41). The PFSSADI is an innovative tool, which may contribute to explore the role of pain-related social support responsiveness on the promotion of older adults' functional autonomy when in pain.
老年人的慢性疼痛很常见，而且往往会导致功能障碍。与疼痛相关的正式社会支持（例如，由日托中心、养老院的工作人员提供）以及它促进功能自主或依赖的程度，在促进老年人参与日常活动的能力方面起着重要作用。评估老年人对与疼痛相关的功能自主或依赖的社会支持的偏好，可能有助于提高正式社会支持对个人需求的响应能力。因此，本研究旨在开发和验证疼痛状态下自主与依赖的正式社会支持偏好量表（PFSSADI）。165名患有慢性肌肉骨骼疼痛的老年人（平均年龄 = 79.1岁，67.3%为女性），他们参加了日托中心，完成了PFSSADI、修订后的疼痛状态下自主与依赖的正式社会支持量表以及一份关于独立（或依赖）愿望的测量；6周后再次填写PFSSADI。验证性因素分析显示出两个相关因素的结构（相关系数 = 0.56）：（a）自主支持偏好（克朗巴哈系数 = 0.99）和（b）依赖支持偏好（克朗巴哈系数 = 0.98）。该量表显示出良好的重测信度、敏感性、区分效度和同时效度；对依赖支持的偏好越高，对依赖的愿望就越高（相关系数 = 0.33），对独立的愿望就越低（相关系数 = -0.41）。PFSSADI是一种创新工具，它可能有助于探索与疼痛相关的社会支持响应性在促进老年人疼痛时的功能自主方面所起的作用。
