Suzuki Etsu, Fujita Daishi, Takahashi Masao, Oba Shigeyoshi, Nishimatsu Hiroaki
Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8512, Japan.
Faculty of Medicine, The Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;998:179-185. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-4397-0_12.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that reside in various organs. They have the capacity to differentiate into various cell types, including cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Among the various MSCs, bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) have been widely used for treating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and ischemic heart failure (IHF) in preclinical and clinical studies. Although the beneficial effects of BMMSCs in treating AMI and IHF were originally attributed to their capacity to differentiate into cardiac cell types, recent evidence suggests that the differentiation capacity of BMMSCs appears to be minimal and that BMMSCs exert cardioprotective effects by secreting paracrine factors. In this context, MSC-derived exosomes have recently gained much attention. In this chapter, we introduce preclinical studies in which MSC-derived exosomes are used for treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as AMI, stroke, pulmonary hypertension, and septic cardiomyopathy. Future clinical studies are required to confirm the efficacy of exosome administration in treating CVDs.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是存在于各种器官中的多能干细胞。它们有能力分化为各种细胞类型，包括心肌细胞、血管内皮细胞和血管平滑肌细胞。在各种间充质干细胞中，骨髓来源的间充质干细胞（BMMSCs）在临床前和临床研究中已被广泛用于治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）和缺血性心力衰竭（IHF）。尽管BMMSCs在治疗AMI和IHF方面的有益作用最初归因于它们分化为心脏细胞类型的能力，但最近的证据表明，BMMSCs的分化能力似乎很小，并且BMMSCs通过分泌旁分泌因子发挥心脏保护作用。在这种情况下，间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体最近受到了广泛关注。在本章中，我们介绍了将间充质干细胞衍生的外泌体用于治疗心血管疾病（CVDs）如AMI、中风、肺动脉高压和脓毒症性心肌病的临床前研究。未来需要进行临床研究以证实外泌体给药治疗心血管疾病的疗效。
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