a Laboratory of Design and Application of Bioactive Molecules , University of Strasbourg , Illkirch Cedex , France.
b Laboratory of Immunology , Lebanese University , Fanar , Lebanon.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017 Nov;16(11):1079-1094. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1382357.
Our understanding of the involvement of the immune system in cancer control has increased over recent years. However, the development of cancer vaccines intended to reverse tumor-induced immune tolerance remains slow as most current vaccine candidates exhibit limited clinical efficacy. The skin is particularly rich with multiple subsets of dendritic cells (DCs) that are involved to varying degrees in the induction of robust immune responses. Transcutaneous administration of cancer vaccines may therefore harness the immune potential of these DCs, however, this approach is hampered by the impermeability of the stratum corneum. Innovative vaccine formulations including various nanoparticles, such as liposomes, are therefore needed to properly deliver cancer vaccine components to skin DCs. Areas covered: The recent insights into skin DC subsets and their functional specialization, the potential of nanoparticle-based vaccines in transcutaneous cancer vaccination and, finally, the most relevant clinical trial advances in liposomal and in cutaneous cancer vaccines will be discussed. Expert commentary: To define the optimal conditions for mounting protective skin DC-induced anti-tumor immune responses, investigation of the cellular and molecular interplay that controls tumor progression should be pursued in parallel with clinical development. The resulting knowledge will then be translated into improved cancer vaccines that better target the most appropriate immune players.
近年来，我们对免疫系统在癌症控制中的作用的理解有所增加。然而，旨在逆转肿瘤诱导的免疫耐受的癌症疫苗的开发仍然缓慢，因为大多数当前的疫苗候选物表现出有限的临床疗效。皮肤富含多种树突状细胞 (DC) 亚群，这些细胞在诱导强大的免疫反应中发挥不同程度的作用。因此，经皮给予癌症疫苗可能利用这些 DC 的免疫潜力，但是这种方法受到角质层不透性的阻碍。因此，需要包括各种纳米粒子（如脂质体）在内的创新疫苗制剂，以便将癌症疫苗成分正确递送至皮肤 DC。涵盖领域：最近对皮肤 DC 亚群及其功能特化的深入了解、基于纳米粒子的疫苗在经皮癌症疫苗接种中的潜力，以及最后，脂质体和皮肤癌症疫苗的最相关临床试验进展将进行讨论。专家评论：为了定义引发保护性皮肤 DC 诱导的抗肿瘤免疫反应的最佳条件，应该在临床开发的同时研究控制肿瘤进展的细胞和分子相互作用。由此产生的知识将转化为更好地针对最合适的免疫参与者的改良癌症疫苗。
