Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B9, Canada.
CINBIOSE, UQAM, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-ville, Case postale 8888, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2018 Jan;91(1):105-115. doi: 10.1007/s00420-017-1258-3. Epub 2017 Sep 22.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are contaminants with carcinogenic effects but little is known about their presence in environments surrounding oil drilling operations and spills or exposure levels in nearby communities. The objective of this study was to characterize PAH levels in people living near oil drilling operations in relation to fish consumption, occupation, source of water and other socio-demographic characteristics.
This pilot study examined PAH exposure by measuring 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in urine samples using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection from 75 women and men in the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Amazon living near oil drilling operations and who answered a questionnaire collecting socio-demographic, occupational and dietary information. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models.
The mean value of 1-OHP was 0.40 μmol/mol creatinine, 95% CI 0.32-0.46 μmol/mol creatinine. Women who used water from a surface source (for washing clothes or bathing) had almost twice the amount of 1-OHP in their urine (mean 1-OHP = 0.41 μmol/mol creatinine, 95% CI 0.28-0.54 μmol/mol creatinine, n = 23) as women who used water from either a well, a spring or rain (mean 1-OHP = 0.22 μmol/mol creatinine, 95% CI 0.11-0.34 μmol/mol creatinine, n = 6). Men who reported eating a bottom-dwelling species as their most commonly consumed fish (mean 1-OHP = 0.50 μmol/mol creatinine, 95% CI 0.36-0.64 μmol/mol creatinine, n = 31) had twice as much 1-OHP in their urine as men who reported a pelagic fish (mean 1-OHP = 0.25 μmol/mol creatinine, 95% CI 0.15-0.35 μmol/mol creatinine, n = 15), signaling either oral (fish consumption) or dermal (while standing in water fishing benthic species) exposure.
More contact with surface water and benthic fish may result in higher levels of 1-OHP in human urine among the study population. Reducing the amount of oil and wastes entering the waterways in Andean Amazonia would be one way to reduce exposure.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是具有致癌作用的污染物，但人们对其在石油钻探作业周围环境中的存在以及附近社区的暴露水平知之甚少。本研究的目的是描述在厄瓜多尔和秘鲁亚马逊地区石油钻探作业附近居住的人群中，多环芳烃的水平与鱼类消费、职业、水源以及其他社会人口统计学特征之间的关系。
本初步研究通过高效液相色谱法和荧光检测，对 75 名女性和男性的尿液样本中的 1-羟基芘（1-OHP）进行了测量，这些人在厄瓜多尔和秘鲁亚马逊地区的石油钻探作业附近居住，并回答了一份收集社会人口统计学、职业和饮食信息的问卷。数据采用多元线性回归模型进行分析。
1-OHP 的平均值为 0.40μmol/mol 肌酐，95%置信区间为 0.32-0.46μmol/mol 肌酐。使用地表水（用于洗衣服或洗澡）的女性尿液中的 1-OHP 含量几乎是使用井水、泉水或雨水的女性的两倍（1-OHP 平均值=0.41μmol/mol 肌酐，95%置信区间 0.28-0.54μmol/mol 肌酐，n=23）。报告食用底栖物种作为最常食用鱼类的男性尿液中的 1-OHP 含量是报告食用洄游鱼类的男性的两倍（1-OHP 平均值=0.50μmol/mol 肌酐，95%置信区间 0.36-0.64μmol/mol 肌酐，n=31），表明他们通过口服（鱼类消费）或皮肤接触（站在水中捕捞底栖物种）接触到了 1-OHP。
在研究人群中，与地表水和底栖鱼类的接触更多可能导致尿液中 1-OHP 水平升高。减少安第斯亚马逊地区进入水道的石油和废物数量将是减少接触的一种方法。
