Yuan Tzu-Hsuen, Shie Ruei-Hao, Chin Yu-Yen, Chan Chang-Chuan
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
Environ Res. 2015 Jan;136:219-26. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.007. Epub 2014 Nov 20.
The relationship between external exposure and internal doses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has not been established for people living in industrial areas. This study was carried out to estimate the relationship between particle-phase PAH exposure and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels among the adults living near a large petrochemical complex in Mailiao, Taiwan. We measured urinary 1-OHP in 781 residents above 35 years old and PM2.5 PAHs within a 20-km radius downwind from the petrochemical complex. Urinary 1-OHP was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, while 16 ambient particle-phase PAHs were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. External exposures to individual PAHs at each study subject's address were estimated by kriging interpolation from air sampling results and regressed against the subjects' urinary 1-OHP levels, adjusting for confounding factors. The study population's urinary 1-OHP levels ranged from 0.001 to 3.005 μmol/mol-creatinine with significantly higher levels for females, grilled food consumers, and residents living close to roads. All 16 particle-phase PAHs were present in the study area with total PAH concentrations ranging from 0.111 to 1.982 ng/m(3). The spatial distribution of 4- and 5-ring PAHs identified high-concentration hotspots close to the complex in Mailiao. The multiple regression models showed that the adults' urinary 1-OHP levels were significantly correlated with 5 out of the 16 PAHs, including benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene; a 0.01 ng/m(3) increase in the concentration of these 5 PAHs at the study subjects' addresses was associated with a 20% elevation in urinary 1-OHP levels (μg/g-creatinine). Emissions from a petrochemical complex can elevate particle-phase PAH concentrations in surrounding areas and increase the urinary 1-OHP levels of adults living nearby.
对于生活在工业区的人群，多环芳烃（PAHs）的外部暴露与体内剂量之间的关系尚未明确。本研究旨在估算台湾麦寮一座大型石化厂附近成年人的颗粒相PAH暴露与尿中1-羟基芘（1-OHP）水平之间的关系。我们测量了781名35岁以上居民的尿中1-OHP以及石化厂下风向20公里半径范围内的PM2.5 PAHs。尿中1-OHP采用高效液相色谱法分析，而16种环境颗粒相PAHs则通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪测定。根据空气采样结果，通过克里金插值法估算每个研究对象住址处个体PAHs的外部暴露量，并针对研究对象的尿中1-OHP水平进行回归分析，同时对混杂因素进行校正。研究人群的尿中1-OHP水平在0.001至3.005 μmol/mol - 肌酐之间，女性、食用烧烤食物者以及居住在道路附近的居民的水平显著更高。研究区域内所有16种颗粒相PAHs均有检出，总PAH浓度范围为0.111至1.982 ng/m³。4环和5环PAHs的空间分布显示在麦寮厂区附近存在高浓度热点区域。多元回归模型表明，成年人的尿中1-OHP水平与16种PAHs中的5种显著相关，包括苯并[a]蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、荧蒽、芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽；研究对象住址处这5种PAHs浓度每增加0.01 ng/m³，尿中1-OHP水平（μg/g - 肌酐）会升高20%。石化厂的排放可提高周边地区颗粒相PAH浓度，并增加附近成年人的尿中1-OHP水平。
