School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Animal Research Institute, P. O. Box AH 20, Achimota, Accra, Ghana.
School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.
Infect Genet Evol. 2017 Nov;55:236-243. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.09.025. Epub 2017 Sep 21.
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are major causes of diarrhoea in developing countries including Ghana, however, nothing is known about the species and subtypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farmers and their ruminant livestock in this country. A total of 925 faecal samples from humans (n=95), cattle (n=328), sheep (n=217) and goats (n=285), were screened for Cryptosporidium and Giardia by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at the 18S rRNA and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci respectively. Cryptosporidium positives were typed by sequence analysis of 18S and 60kDa glycoprotein (gp60) loci amplicons. Giardia positives were typed at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), beta-giardin (bg) and gdh loci. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by qPCR was 8.4% and 10.5% in humans, 26.5% and 8.5% in cattle, 34.1% and 12.9% in sheep, and 33.3% and 12.3% in goat faecal samples, respectively. G. duodenalis assemblages A and B were detected in humans and assemblage E was detected in livestock. Cryptosporidium parvum was the only species identified in humans; C. andersoni, C. bovis, C. ryanae and C. ubiquitum were identified in cattle; C. xiaoi, C. ubiquitum and C. bovis in sheep; and C. xiaoi, C. baileyi and C. parvum in goats. This is the first molecular study of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in livestock in Ghana. The identification of zoonotic species and the identification of C. parvum subtype IIcA5G3q in livestock, which has previously been identified in children in Ghana, suggests potential zoonotic transmission. Further studies on larger numbers of human and animal samples, and on younger livestock are required to better understand the epidemiology and transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Ghana.
隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫是加纳等发展中国家腹泻的主要原因，但该国农民及其反刍家畜中隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫的种和亚型尚不清楚。本研究采用定量 PCR（qPCR）分别在 18S rRNA 和谷氨酸脱氢酶（gdh）基因座检测了 925 份人（n=95）、牛（n=328）、绵羊（n=217）和山羊（n=285）粪便样本中的隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫。阳性的隐孢子虫通过 18S 和 60kDa 糖蛋白（gp60）基因座扩增子的序列分析进行分型。阳性的贾第鞭毛虫在三磷酸甘油醛异构酶（tpi）、β-微管蛋白（bg）和 gdh 基因座进行分型。qPCR 检测到人类隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫的流行率分别为 8.4%和 10.5%，牛为 26.5%和 8.5%，绵羊为 34.1%和 12.9%，山羊为 33.3%和 12.3%。在人类和家畜中检测到了 G. duodenalis 聚集群 A 和 B，在家畜中检测到了聚集群 E。在人类中仅鉴定出微小隐孢子虫；在牛中鉴定出了牛隐孢子虫、牛艾美耳球虫、C. ryanae 和 C. ubiquitum；在绵羊中鉴定出了 C. xiaoi、C. ubiquitum 和 C. bovis；在山羊中鉴定出了 C. xiaoi、C. baileyi 和 C. parvum。这是加纳首次对家畜中隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫进行的分子研究。在牲畜中鉴定出了人畜共患种，以及以前在加纳儿童中鉴定出的 C. parvum 亚型 IIcA5G3q，表明存在潜在的人畜共患传播。需要对更多的人类和动物样本以及更年幼的牲畜进行进一步研究，以更好地了解加纳隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫的流行病学和传播。
